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. 2021 Sep 27;11:19130. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98544-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of serum starvation on the biological activity of HNSCC SAS cells. (A) Growth of SAS cells as measured by MTT assay after treatment for the indicated time, with or without serum. The data are shown as mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments and analyzed by t-test. (B,C) Migration assay in cells treated with/without serum. The bars show the area of scratches at 0 h. The rates of wound closure were determined from the assays and indicate the mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. (D) The cell morphology was photographed with a phase contrast microscope. (E) TEM examination of SAS incubated for 24 h with/without serum. The bar markers represent 2 μm. M: mitochondria, AP: autophagosome, AL: autolysosome.