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. 2021 May 19;44(2-3):417–472. doi: 10.1007/s40614-021-00286-y

Table 1.

Events and Relations Composing a Metacontingency in Experimental Settings

Cultural selection of culturant Event 1. Increase in or maintenance of probability (> 0) or rate (> 0) of potential occurrences of culturant
Events 2. Potential selecting events
Relation 1. Dependence of potential selecting events on potential occurrences of culturant
Relation 2. Conditionality of increase in or maintenance of probability or rate of occurrences of culturant given dependent selecting events
(a) Probability or (b) rate of potential occurrences of culturant Events 1. Potential occurrences of culturant
Relation 1a. Occurrences across opportunities
Relation 1b. Occurrences per unit of time
Potential occurrences of culturant Events 1. Interlocking behavioral contingencies
Relation 1. Dependence of aggregate products on interlocking behavioral contingencies (provides basis for delimiting occurrences)
Interlocking behavioral contingencies Events 1. Operant behavior (across n individuals; n > 1)
Relations 1 (> 0). Determinable probability or rate of occurrences of one individual’s operant behavior given environmental alterations produced by operant behavior of another individual (relation is reflexive; requires operant behavior of multiple individuals composing the group)
Reinforcement of operant behavior Event 1. Increase in or maintenance of probability (> 0) or rate (> 0) of potential occurrences of operant behavior
Events 2. Potential reinforcing events
Relation 1. Dependence of potential reinforcing events on potential occurrences of operant behavior
Relation 2. Conditionality of increase in or maintenance of probability or rate of occurrences of operant behavior given dependent reinforcing events
(a) Probability or (b) rate of potential occurrences of operant behavior Events 1. Potential occurrences of operant behavior
Relation 1a. Occurrences across opportunities
Relation 1b. Occurrences per unit of time
Potential occurrences of operant behavior1 Event 1. Whole organism-environment interaction
Relation 1. Dependence of environmental alterations on whole organism-environment interaction (provides basis by which behavior can be divided into occurrences)

1 Although this may be more typically described in terms of operant responses, this description is used to highlight that (1) patterns of responses may constitute a single unit and (2) operant behavior is measured by environmental change it produces, whether mechanical or just stimulational. However, it is worth noting that operant behavior can also be measured in terms of time allocation (Baum & Rachlin, 1969) rather than probability or rate of occurrences.