Table 3.
Multivariable models to investigate patient characteristics and perceptions of COVID-1
| Variable | Awareness and concern | Knowledge | Related behaviours | Preparedness | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seriousness of threat (scale of 1 to 10) | Not worried | Not likely to get sick | Symptoms | Prevention | Changed daily routine | Took more preventions | Confidence in government | Not prepared | |
| LSM (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Age | |||||||||
| < 60 years | 7.04 (6.65–7.43) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 60–69 years | 8.09 (7.69–8.48)§ | 0.62 (0.28–1.37) | 0.80 (0.39–1.64) | 1.21 (0.55–2.65) | 0.65 (0.30–1.38) | 0.81 (0.41–1.58) | 1.51 (0.77–2.98) | 1.27 (0.70–2.29) | 0.79 (0.44–1.42) |
| ≥ 70 years | 7.78 (7.43–8.13)† | 0.40 (0.17–0.97)† | 0.56 (0.25–1.22) | 0.63 (0.30–1.31) | 0.35 (0.17–0.74)‡ | 0.98 (0.49–1.97) | 1.07 (0.55–2.10) | 1.46 (0.79–2.70) | 0.68 (0.37–1.26) |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female | 7.69 (7.47–7.91) | 0.43 (0.20–0.93)† | 0.54 (0.26–1.11) | 1.19 (0.59–2.39) | 2.64 (1.38–5.05)‡ | 1.37 (0.67–2.80) | 1.55 (0.82–2.92) | 1.05 (0.58–1.91) | 0.95 (0.52–1.73) |
| Male | 7.26 (6.77–7.76) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Health literacy | |||||||||
| 1st quartile (the lowest) | 7.20 (6.80–7.59) | 1.65 (0.68–4.05) | 0.55 (0.24–1.22) | 0.47 (0.22–0.98)† | 0.33 (0.16–0.70)‡ | 0.44 (0.21–0.90)† | 0.22 (0.11–0.44)§ | 1.08 (0.58–2.00) | 0.93 (0.50–1.72) |
| 2nd quartile | 7.72 (7.31–8.14) | 0.86 (0.33–2.23) | 0.69 (0.32–1.49) | 0.87 (0.38–1.97) | 0.45 (0.21–1.00)† | 0.76 (0.38–1.51) | 0.64 (0.30–1.33) | 1.12 (0.59–2.10) | 0.90 (0.48–1.69) |
| 3rd quartile | 7.82 (7.43–8.21)† | 1.40 (0.60–3.27) | 0.78 (0.38–1.61) | 0.70 (0.32–1.52) | 0.62 (0.28–1.36) | 0.84 (0.44–1.63) | 0.76 (0.37–1.56) | 1.49 (0.81–2.73) | 0.67 (0.37–1.24) |
| 4th quartile (the highest) | 7.77 (7.35–8.18) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Remission | |||||||||
| Yes | 7.74 (7.39–8.10) | 0.66 (0.34–1.29) | 0.95 (0.53–1.71) | 0.74 (0.42–1.30) | 1.09 (0.62–1.91) | 0.54 (0.31–0.95)† | 0.89 (0.53–1.50) | 1.08 (0.68–1.73) | 0.92 (0.58–1.47) |
| No | 7.55 (7.31–7.79) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Biological agent | |||||||||
| Yes | 7.66 (7.38–7.95) | 0.75 (0.41–1.38) | 0.83 (0.48–1.44) | 0.95 (0.57–1.59) | 0.93 (0.56–1.53) | 0.85 (0.52–1.39) | 0.87 (0.54–1.39) | 0.98 (0.64–1.51) | 1.02 (0.66–1.56) |
| No | 7.57 (7.29–7.85) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Methotrexate | |||||||||
| Yes | 7.44 (7.58–8.25)† | 1.61 (0.82–3.19) | 1.11 (0.61–2.02) | 1.07 (0.62–1.84) | 0.91 (0.53–1.54) | 0.72 (0.43–1.21) | 0.80 (0.49–1.33) | 0.99 (0.63–1.56) | 1.01 (0.64–1.60) |
| No | 7.92 (7.19–7.69) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Glucocorticoid | |||||||||
| Yes | 7.60 (7.39–7.85) | 0.71 (0.32–1.57) | 0.57 (0.27–1.21) | 0.59 (0.33–1.05) | 0.74 (0.41–1.31) | 0.52 (0.27–0.98)† | 0.74 (0.43–1.30) | 1.68 (1.00–2.80) | 0.60 (0.36–0.99)† |
| No | 7.62 (7.18–8.02) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
‘Seriousness of threat’ was measured as a scale of 1 to 10, how serious of a public health threat do you think the coronavirus is or might become? (1, being no threat at all; 10, being a very serious public health threat). COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; LSM, least-squares mean; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Remission was defined as the disease activity score in 28 joints using erythrocyte sedimentation rate < 2.6. †P < 0.05. ‡P < 0.01. §P < 0.001
The italicized entries specified the major components of the survey