Table 4.
Comparisons of clot waveform analysis results between mildly ill Covid-19 patients and severely ill COVID-19 patients
| Mildly ill COVID-19 patientsb (n = 8) | Severely ill COVID-19 Patients (n = 10) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||
| Delta change (aPTT) (%) (25.21–63.09) | |||
| Baseline | 55.2 (43.3, 62.4) | 78.8 (69.8, 85.2) | 0.001 |
| Day 3 | 55.1 (50.4, 60.6) | 65.8 (58.8, 85.6) | 0.06 |
| Day 6 | 61.7 (59.5, 64.6) | 67.9 (56.9, 73.6) | 0.63 |
| Day 9 | 62.2 (62.2, 62.2)a | 66.4 (62.7, 71.2) | 0.57 |
| Day 12 | 62.1 (62.1, 62.1)a | 62.6 (59.2, 72.0) | 0.99 |
| Day 15 | 56.9 (56.9, 56.9)a | 60.2 (54.2, 72.2) | 0.80 |
| Min 1 (aPTT) (%/s) (2.86–6.78) | |||
| Baseline | 5.7 (4.9, 6.1) | 7.8 (6.7, 8.3) | 0.001 |
| Day 3 | 5.9 (5.2, 6.2) | 6.8 (5.9, 8.1) | 0.08 |
| Day 6 | 6.5 (5.9, 6.6) | 7.0 (6.5, 7.7) | 0.19 |
| Day 9 | 6.1 (6.1, 6.1)a | 7.2 (4.7, 7.5) | 0.99 |
| Day 12 | 6.1 (6.1, 6.1)a | 7.2 (6.5, 7.8) | 0.29 |
| Day 15 | 4.4 (4.4, 4.4)a | 6.7 (6.0, 7.9) | 0.40 |
| Min 2 (aPTT) (%/s2) (0.46–1.10) | |||
| Baseline | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.3) | 0.07 |
| Day 3 | 0.9 (0.9, 1.0) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.5) | 0.02 |
| Day 6 | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 1.1 (1.1, 1.2) | 0.08 |
| Day 9 | 1.0 (1.0, 1.0)a | 1.3 (1.0, 1.8) | 0.25 |
| Day 12 | 0.9 (0.9, 0.9)a | 1.2 (1.0, 1.3) | 0.29 |
| Day 15 | 2.3 (2.3, 2.3)a | 1.1 (1.0, 2.8) | 0.80 |
| Max2 (aPTT) (%/s2) (0.37–0.93) | |||
| Baseline | 0.7 (0.7, 0.8) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.0) | 0.04 |
| Day 3 | 0.8 (0.7, 0.8) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.2) | 0.11 |
| Day 6 | 0.9 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.9 (0.9, 1.0) | 0.19 |
| Day 9 | 0.7 (0.7, 0.7)a | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 0.25 |
| Day 12 | 0.7 (0.7, 0.7)a | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 0.29 |
| Day 15 | 1.7 (1.7, 1.7)a | 0.9 (0.8, 2.3) | 0.80 |
| Delta change (PT) (%) (6.52–17.28) | |||
| Baseline | 14.9 (11.2, 16.7) | 22.4 (19.4, 29.5) | 0.004 |
| Day 3 | 14.8 (13.2, 17.0) | 16.7 (14.2, 27.6) | 0.28 |
| Day 6 | 16.8 (16.2, 19.4) | 18.3 (15.2, 19.5) | 0.92 |
| Day 9 | 17.4 (17.4, 17.4)a | 16.3 (14.9, 20.7) | 0.86 |
| Day 12 | 16.8 (16.8, 16.8)a | 15.8 (14.6, 20.8) | 0.86 |
| Day 15 | 14.2 (14.2, 14.2)a | 15.2 (13.0, 21.8) | 0.80 |
| Min 1 (PT) (%/s) (1.95–5.67) | |||
| Baseline | 5.3 (4.1, 5.4) | 7.1 (6.3, 9.0) | 0.02 |
| Day 3 | 4.8 (4.3, 5.4) | 5.0 (4.5, 8.5) | 0.49 |
| Day 6 | 5.4 (5.1, 6.4) | 5.5 (4.7, 5.9) | 0.78 |
| Day 9 | 5.1 (5.1, 5.1)a | 6.6 (4.8, 7.9) | 0.75 |
| Day 12 | 5.1 (5.1, 5.1)a | 5.1 (4.6, 6.7) | 0.99 |
| Day 15 | 5.8 (5.8, 5.8)a | 5.0 (4.2, 7.3) | 0.80 |
| Min 2 (PT) (%/s2) (0.97–2.93) | |||
| Baseline | 2.7 (2.1, 2.7) | 3.6 (3.2, 4.5) | 0.02 |
| Day 3 | 2.5 (2.2, 2.8) | 2.5 (2.3, 4.4) | 0.57 |
| Day 6 | 2.8 (2.5, 3.3) | 2.8 (2.4, 3.0) | 0.78 |
| Day 9 | 2.6 (2.6, 2.6)a | 2.4 (1.1, 4.0) | 0.99 |
| Day 12 | 2.5 (2.5, 2.5)a | 2.7 (2.4, 3.4) | 0.99 |
| Day 15 | 0.9 (0.9, 0.9)a | 2.1 (1.7, 2.6) | 0.40 |
| Max 2 (PT) (%/s2) (0.75–2.35) | |||
| Baseline | 2.2 (1.7, 2.2) | 2.9 (2.5, 3.5) | 0.02 |
| Day 3 | 2.0 (1.8, 2.2) | 1.9 (1.8, 3.3) | 0.66 |
| Day 6 | 2.2 (1.9, 2.6) | 2.2 (1.8, 2.3) | 0.63 |
| Day 9 | 1.9 (1.9, 1.9)a | 1.9 (0.9, 3.2) | 0.99 |
| Day 12 | 1.9 (1.9, 1.9)a | 2.1 (1.9, 2.7) | 0.86 |
| Day 15 | 0.7 (0.7, 0.7)a | 1.7 (1.3, 2.1) | 0.40 |
Reference intervals for clot waveform parameters were established locally based on 124 healthy controls in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines
aResults for 1 patient only, 9 others were discharged to community care facilities
b2 COVID-19 patients progressed from mildly ill to a moderately ill state, hence their CWA parameters were excluded from the analysis