Table.1.
Baseline and metabolic responses to an OGTT in healthy lean adults grouped by two common TAS1R2 polymorphisms.
| Ile/Ile | Val/_ | p | Ser/_ | Cys/Cys | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline variables | ||||||
| Total n (Male/Female) | 26 (9/17) | 20 (5/15) | 16 (7/9) | 30 (7/23) | ||
| Age (years) | 29.19 ± 1.52 | 31.00 ± 2.18 | 0.281 | 32.88 ± 2.12 | 27.88 ± 1.54 | 0.062 |
| Height (cm) | 1.68 ± 0.02 | 1.67 ± 0.02 | 0.591 | 1.67 ± 0.02 | 1.68 ± 0.02 | 0.766 |
| Weight (kg) | 62.68 ± 1.79 | 62.16 ± 1.85 | 0.808 | 63.72 ± 2.22 | 61.78 ± 1.57 | 0.899 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.07 ± 0.41 | 22.31 ± 0.44 | 0.650 | 22.76 ± 0.53 | 21.86 ± 0.35 | 0.190 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 88.90 ± 1.41 | 91.75 ± 1.76 | 0.208 | 89.91 ± 1.99 | 90.27 ± 1.36 | 0.861 |
| Insulin (μU/L) | 7.17 ± 0.91 | 7.67 ± 1.08 | 0.838 | 5.37 ± 0.56 | 8.46 ± 0.96 | 0.056 |
| HbA1c (%) | 4.90 ± 0.06 | 4.92 ± 0.06 | 0.773 | 4.93 ± 0.06 | 4.90 ± 0.06 | 0.984 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 73.81 ± 7.31 | 76.45 ± 8.12 | 0.849 | 66.00 ± 7.29 | 79.73 ± 7.20 | 0.263 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 167.80 ± 6.67 | 165.8 ± 5.33 | 0.681 | 158.60 ± 7.00 | 171.30 ± 5.50 | 0.294 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 62.27 ± 2.77 | 63.65 ± 2.86 | 0.994 | 59.56 ± 3.31 | 64.63 ± 2.45 | 0.547 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 90.69 ± 5.80 | 86.75 ± 5.15 | 0.617 | 85.88 ± 6.72 | 90.63 ± 4.92 | 0.587 |
| LDL/HDL ratio | 1.55 ± 0.14 | 1.46 ± 0.15 | 0.792 | 1.54 ± 0.20 | 1.49 ± 0.12 | 0.871 |
| OGTT variables | ||||||
| Baseline glucose (mg/dL) | 91.06 ± 1.50 | 90.84 ± 1.86 | 0.928 | 92.21 ± 1.75 | 90.10 ± 1.49 | 0.342 |
| 2h glucose (mg/dL) | 118.89 ± 5.32 | 125.43 ± 6.60 | 0.437 | 116.79 ± 6.22 | 124.71 ± 5.30 | 0.318 |
| Baseline insulin (pg/mL∗10−3) | 0.52 ± 0.04 | 0.46 ± 0.05 | 0.343 | 0.46 ± 0.05 | 0.52 ± 0.04 | 0.237 |
| 2h insulin (pg/mL∗10−3) | 3.22 ± 0.44 | 2.77 ± 0.54 | 0.520 | 2.62 ± 0.51 | 3.34 ± 0.43 | 0.262 |
| Glucose peak (mg/dL) | 176.98 ± 4.11 | 162.14 ± 4.82 | 0.019 | 167.88 ± 5.40 | 172.75 ± 4.36 | 0.479 |
| Glucose time of peak (min) | 141.21 ± 13.37 | 120.47 ± 14.29 | 0.237 | 132.70 ± 16.08 | 132.61 ± 13.04 | 0.996 |
| Insulin peak (pg/mL∗10−3) | 4.76 ± 0.47 | 3.57 ± 0.47 | 0.075 | 4.18 ± 0.58 | 4.32 ± 0.48 | 0.844 |
| Insulin time of peak (min) | 149.85 ± 9.51 | 134.99 ± 10.57 | 0.288 | 141.11 ± 11.56 | 145.38 ± 9.46 | 0.774 |
| C-peptide peak (pg/mL∗min∗10−3) | 6.75 ± 0.43 | 6.03 ± 0.50 | 0.264 | 6.63 ± 0.54 | 6.34 ± 0.44 | 0.665 |
| C-peptide time of peak (min) | 138.62 ± 8.22 | 133.01 ± 9.48 | 0.649 | 135.84 ± 10.14 | 136.60 ± 8.17 | 0.953 |
| AUC glucose (mg/dL∗min∗10−3) | 23.92 ± 0.62 | 22.19 ± 0.58 | 0.048 | 23.31 ± 0.72 | 23.10 ± 0.57 | 0.752 |
| AUC insulin (pg/mL∗min∗10−3) | 543.59 ± 62.26 | 417.56 ± 41.62 | 0.119 | 445.82 ± 43.35 | 511.71 ± 57.34 | 0.462 |
| AUC C-peptide (pg/mL∗min∗10−3) | 872.05 ± 56.34 | 785.21 ± 55.86 | 0.244 | 827.25 ± 48.45 | 838.05 ± 56.43 | 0.940 |
| AUC glucagon (pg/mL∗min∗10−3) | 4.99 ± 0.57 | 4.74 ± 0.48 | 0.830 | 5.43 ± 0.80 | 4.59 ± 0.40 | 0.389 |
| AUC active GLP1 (pg/mL∗min∗10−3) | 4.34 ± 0.56 | 4.02 ± 0.40 | 0.585 | 4.32 ± 0.43 | 4.14 ± 0.50 | 0.649 |
| OGTT modeling analysis | ||||||
| Basal glucose (mmol/L) | 5.00 ± 0.08 | 5.12 ± 0.10 | 0.341 | 5.04 ± 0.10 | 5.05 ± 0.08 | 0.927 |
| Mean glucose (mmol/L) | 7.35 ± 0.18 | 6.80 ± 0.22 | 0.048 | 7.18 ± 0.24 | 7.08 ± 0.19 | 0.752 |
| Basal insulin (pmol/L) | 90.10 ± 6.64 | 78.30 ± 7.80 | 0.237 | 79.10 ± 8.28 | 89.20 ± 6.68 | 0.343 |
| Mean insulin (pmol/L) | 515.32 ± 52.52 | 391.84 ± 61.71 | 0.119 | 426.29 ± 67.59 | 488.72 ± 53.74 | 0.462 |
| Glucose sensitivity (pmol/min/m2/mM) | 65.60 ± 6.06 | 67.10 ± 7.12 | 0.871 | 70.40 ± 7.48 | 63.50 ± 6.03 | 0.473 |
| Insulin secretion rate (pmol/min/m2) | 69.40 ± 7.52 | 76.20 ± 8.84 | 0.545 | 63.30 ± 9.20 | 77.90 ± 7.42 | 0.214 |
| Potentiation factor ratio | 1.38 ± 0.10 | 1.48 ± 0.12 | 0.530 | 1.32 ± 0.13 | 1.49 ± 0.10 | 0.312 |
| Rate sensitivity (pmol/m2/mM) | 656.44 ± 101.37 | 710.65 ± 119.11 | 0.719 | 788.97 ± 123.99 | 608.22 ± 100.06 | 0.255 |
| Insulin sensitivity (μmol/min/kg) | 7.67 ± 0.46 | 8.45 ± 0.55 | 0.262 | 8.08 ± 0.58 | 7.93 ± 0.47 | 0.830 |
| Insulin clearance (L/min/m2) | 0.51 ± 0.04 | 0.60 ± 0.05 | 0.171 | 0.62 ± 0.05 | 0.50 ± 0.04 | 0.105 |
All values are mean ± SEM. P-value for genotype effect was obtained after sex adjustment using a general linear model. BMI, body mass index; HDL, high density lipoproteins; LDL, low density lipoproteins; VLDL, very-low density lipoproteins; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; AUC, area under curve; GLP1, glucagon-like peptide 1.