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. 2021 Sep 14;9:736935. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.736935

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Copyright © 2021 Li, Wu, Sui, Wang, Xu and Pang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Chromatin structure and 23 classes of HMs. (A) In eukaryotic cells, chromatin is the complex formed by DNA and histones. The basic functional unit of chromatin is the nucleosome which contains a histone octamer (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) which is wrapped by DNA. Histone tails undergo numerous posttranslational modifications, which are deposited by writers, removed by erasers and read by readers, and may either loosen or tighten DNA-histone binding which active or silence transcription. (B) Specific HMs and modified amino acids are indicated.