Figure 1.

(Above) The reaction time (RT) effect for the study published by Vainio et al. (2013). In the experimental task, the participants were visually presented with a syllable (e.g., [ti] or [ka]). The participants had to respond by squeezing a precision or power grip device according to the color (green/blue) of the syllable while simultaneously pronouncing the syllable. Precision grip responses were performed particularly and rapidly with the syllable [ti], while power grip responses were performed particularly rapidly with the syllable [ka]. (Below) The RT effect for the study published by Vainio et al. (2014). In the experimental task, the participants were aurally presented with the syllable [ti] or [ka] at a high or low pitch. The participants had to perform either precision or power grip response based on the pitch cue. Precision grip responses were performed particularly rapidly with the syllable [ti], while power grip responses were performed particularly rapidly with the syllable [ka]. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (^***p<0.001; ^*p<0.05).