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. 2021 Sep 14;12:733606. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.733606

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Copyright © 2021 Peters, Antel, Naaresh, Laabs, Föcker, Albers, Bühlmeier, Hinney, Libuda and Hebebrand.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Results of the single and multiple-SNP Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses for effect of leptin levels (Kilpeläinen et al., 2016) on risk for anorexia nervosa (AN) (Watson et al., 2019). The black lines in forest plots (left side) visualize the results of single SNP analyses; the red lines visualize the results of the multiple SNP analysis. In scatter plots (right side) the slopes of each line represent the causal association for different MR method (A) and (B): Instrument Variable (IV): 5 SNPs associated with unadjusted leptin levels (C) and (D): Instrument Variable (IV): 4 SNPs associated with unadjusted leptin levels. The SNP rs8043757 (FTO) was excluded.