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. 2021 Sep 14;9:702974. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.702974

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Copyright © 2021 Raghunandan, Ramachandran, Ke, Miao, Lal, Chen and Subramaniam.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A temporal model of HP induced oxidative stress in HUVECs. HUVECs treated with 0.5 mM HP in duplicate, and mRNA samples (from 0 to 16 h) were sequenced. Significantly regulated genes and cellular processes (p < 0.05) were used to construct a temporal model depicting oxidative stress response time-course. The boxes colored in blue and red represent down- and up-regulated genes or processes, respectively. The axis at the bottom of the figure indicates the time at which various processes become significantly regulated. An arrowhead depicts positive regulation, and a flat line indicates negative regulation. Vascular phenotypes associated with each group of genes/processes (i.e., endothelial senescence, protection of endothelial barrier function, chronic inflammation, stress response, and thrombogenesis) are indicated to the right of the temporal model. The log₂ (fold-change) values for the genes specified in this model are summarized in the Supplementary Figure 3.