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. 2021 Sep 14;9:711348. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.711348

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Copyright © 2021 Zhang, Li, Zhang, Cui, Shi, Zhao and Sheng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The major prognostic pathways in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) identified by gene set variation analysis (GSVA). (A) Differences in pathway activities scored per sample by GSVA between paired tumor and normal HNSCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (n = 44). Shown are t-values from a linear model, corrected for patient of origin. dn, down; UV, ultraviolet; v1, version 1; v2, version 2. (B) Univariate Cox regression analysis among various hallmarks of cancer. Kaplan–Meier curves of overall (C) and progression-free (D) survival for HNSCC patients in the two groups divided by GSVA pathway score.