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. 2021 Sep 23;30:70–81. doi: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.09.003

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© 2021 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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The effect of exosomes on the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells (A) The concentration of exosomes extracted at different time points (B) The time gradient of the effect of exosomes on the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells (C) Cell proliferation of each group of exosomes co-cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells for 24 h. CTRL: without exosomes intervention; NOR: exosomes extracted from normal mice. TF1, TF3, TF7: exosomes extracted on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after TBI combined with left tibia fracture modeling. SF1, SF3, SF7: exosomes extracted on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after sham-TBI combined with left tibia fracture modeling (∗p < 0.05).