TABLE 6.
Application of the Optimized Zebrafish Developmental Toxicity Assay for triptolide, aconitine, and chlorogenic acid.
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2 dpf
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5 dpf
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Teratogenicity | |||||||||||
| Concentration (μM) | Number of deaths | Morphological abnormality | LC25 (μM) | NOAEL (μM) | TI | Concentration (μM) | Number of deaths | Morphological abnormality | LC25 (μM) | NOAEL (μM) | TI | in zebrafish | |
| Triptolide | 1 | 0 | 12 zebrafish not hatched and pericardial edema | >1 | >0.1 | >10 | 0.1 | 0 | 12 zebrafish renal edema, pericardial edema, cardiovascular toxicity | 1 | <0.1 | >10 | Y |
| 10 | 12 | - | 1 | 3 | 9 zebrafish not hatched and malformation | ||||||||
| Aconitine | 100 | 0 | 1 zebrafish not hatched, 2 zebrafish pericardial edema, cardiovascular toxicity | >1000 | 10 | >100 | 10 | 0 | 12 zebrafish renal edema, yolk sac absorption delay | >100 | 1 | >100 | Y |
| 1000 | 0 | 11 zebrafish not hatched, 7 zebrafish pericardial edema, cardiovascular toxicity | 100 | 2 | 10 zebrafish renal edema, pericardial edema | ||||||||
| Chlorogenic acid | 10 | 0 | 2 zebrafish not hatched | >100 | 10 | >10 | 10 | 0 | - | >100 | 10 | >10 | Y |
| 100 | 2 | 7 zebrafish not hatched | 100 | 2 | 6 zebrafish swim bladder missing, 5 zebrafish yolk sac absorption delay | ||||||||