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Immunohistochemistry staining for complement activation products C4d, C3d, and C5b-9 in kidney specimens of IgAN patients with various crescent formations. (A) Positive staining of C4d in the mesangial area of the glomerulus. (B) Positive staining of C4d both in the mesangial area of the glomerulus and within the crescent (black arrow). (C) Positive staining of C5b-9. (D) Positive staining of C3d. IgAN, IgA nephropathy.
