TABLE 2.

Echocardiographic and procedural data of patients with low versus high gradient severe aortic stenosis in the setting of normal left ventricular ejection fraction

	Low gradient normal ejection fraction severe aortic stenosis (n = 73)	High gradient normal ejection fraction severe aortic stenosis (n = 229)	P-value
Aortic valve peak velocity, m/sec	3.5 [3.2–3.7]	4.3 [4.1–4.7]	<0.001
Mean gradient, mmHg	28 [23–31]	44 [40–55]	<0.001
Aortic valve area, cm2	0.75 [0.68–0.86]	0.70 [0.57–0.80]	<0.001
Left ventricular ejection fraction, %	65 [60–70]	65 [60–70]	0.77
Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, cm	4.1 [3.6–4.7]	4.2 [3.7–4.7]	0.67
Left ventricular end-systolic diameter, cm	2.7 [2.3–3.2]	2.8 [2.4–3.1]	0.88
Interventricular septum thickness, cm	1.3 [1.2–1.5]	1.3 [1.2–1.5]	0.84
Posterior/inferolateral wall thickness, cm	1.2 [1.1–1.3]	1.2 [1.1–1.3]	0.10
Aortic regurgitation (moderate or severe), %	6 (8.2%)	20 (8.7%)	0.99
Mitral regurgitation (moderate or severe), %	16 (21.9%)	31 (13.5%)	0.10
Mitral stenosis (severe), %	0	7 (3.3%)	0.20
Tricuspid regurgitation (severe), %	2 (2.7%)	4 (1.7%)	0.63
Aortic root, cm	3.1 [2.8–3.4]	3.1 [2.8–3.4]	0.48
Procedure status, %
Elective	71 (97.3%)	218 (95.2%)	0.74
Urgent	2 (2.7%)	11 (4.8%)
Emergency/Salvage	0	0
Access, %			0.05
Transfemoral	70 (95.9%)	228 (99.6%)
Transapical	2 (2.7%)	1 (0.4%)
Subclavian	1 (1.4%)	0
Anesthesia, %			0.14
Monitored anesthesia care	61 (83.6%)	207 (90.4%)
General anesthesia	12 (16.4%)	22 (9.6%)
Device, %			0.02
1st generation self-expanding valve	21 (28.8%)	61 (26.6%)
2nd generation self-expanding valve	34 (46.6%)	115 (50.2%)
1st generation balloon-expandable valve	9 (12.3%)	8 (3.5%)
2nd generation balloon-expandable valve	9 (12.3%)	45 (19.7%)
Predilation, %	16 (22.2%)	75 (32.8%)	0.11
Postdilation, %	20 (27.8%)	98 (42.8%)	0.03

Continuous data shown as median [interquartile range] and compared using Mann-Whitney test. Categorical data shown as frequency (proportion) and compared using tests of proportions.