TABLE 5.

Peri-procedural complications and outcomes in patients with low gradient low stroke volume index, low gradient normal stroke volume index, and high gradient severe aortic stenosis in the setting of normal left ventricular ejection fraction

	Low gradient low stroke volume index (n = 41)	Low gradient normal stroke volume index (n = 32)	High gradient stenosis (n = 229)	P-value
Intra-procedural complications, %
Conversion to alternative access	0	0	0	-
Femoral artery rupture	0	0	0	-
Annulus rupture	0	0	0	-
Device migration		0	1 (0.4%)	0.85
Ectopic valve deployment	0	0	0	-
Valve-in-valve	0	0	0	-
Valve thrombosis	0	0	0	-
Coronary artery obstruction	0	0	0	-
Cardiac tamponade	0	0	1 (0.4%)	0.85
Heart block	3 (7.3%)	2 (6.3%)	18 (7.9%)	0.95
Paravalvular regurgitation
None	7 (17.1%)	9 (28.1%)	48 (21.4%)	0.52
Trace	21 (51.2%)	14 (43.8%)	115 (51.3%)	0.72
Mild	11 (26.8%)	9 (28.1%)	58 (25.9%)	0.96
Moderate	2 (4.9%)	0	3 (1.3%)	0.20
Severe	0	0	0	-
Patient-Prosthesis Mismatch				0.80
Moderate	4 (10.3%)	2 (6.5%)	18 (8.3%)
Severe	0	0	4 (1.8%)
Procedural success, %	35 (85.4%)	27 (87.1%)	199 (88.8%)	0.80
In-hospital complications, %
Permanent pacemaker placement	3 (7.3%)	5 (15.6%)	31 (13.6%)	0.49
Cardiac tamponade	1 (2.4%)	1 (3.1%)	2 (0.9%)	0.46
Stroke	1 (2.4%)	1 (3.1%)	2 (0.9%)	0.46
Major vascular complication	0	0	0	-
Acute renal failure				0.62
Stage 1	0	0	3 (1.3%)
Stage 2 or 3	0	0	0
Bleeding				0.25
Life-threatening or disabling	0	0	2 (0.9%)
Major	1 (2.4%)	1 (3.1%)	4 (1.7%)
Minor	1 (2.4%)	6 (18.8%)	17 (7.4%)
Cardiac arrest	0	1 (3.1%)	0	0.02
Post-procedure length of stay, days	2 [1–3]	2 [1–2]	2 [1–3]	0.60
Total length of stay, days	3 [2–4]	2 [2–5]	3 [2–4]	0.63
In-hospital all-cause mortality, %	0	2 (6.3%)	2 (0.9%)	0.03

Continuous data shown as median [interquartile range] and compared using Mann-Whitney test. Categorical data shown as frequency (proportion) and compared using tests of proportions.