Table 1.

Controlled trials comparing EEN and corticosteroids in adult patients with CD

Ref	Year	Country	No of participants		Remission criteria	% achieving remission (ITT)		P value	% achieving remission (PP)		% EEN discontinued - unpalatable
			EEN	CS		EEN	CS		EEN	CS
Engelman et al91	1993	England	7	4	HBI <6.0	100	100	NS	100	100	0
Gassull et al92	2002	Europe	20	19	VHAI <120	20	79	0.0005	27	79	25
Gassull et al92	2002	Europe	23	19	VHAI <120	52	79	NS	63	79	17
González-Huix et al93	1993	Spain	15	17	VHAI <120	8	88	NS	80	88	0
Gorard et al94	1993	England	22	20	HBI-remission not defined, mean<2	45	85	<0.05	91	89	41
Lindor et al95	1992	USA	9	10	CDAI decrease >100 points	50	33	NS	60	63	33
Lochs et al96	1991	Europe	55	52	CDAI decrease >100 points or >40%	53	79	<0.01	60	85	13
Malchow et al77	1990	Europe	51	44	CDAI decrease >100 points or >40%	41	71	<0.05	71	91	39
Mantzaris et al97	1996	Greece	10	10	CDAI <150 or decrease >100 points	40	70	NS	40	70	0
Okada et al98	1990	Japan	10	10	HBI <1	80	30	<0.01	80	30	0
O’Morain et al99	1984	England	11	10	HBI-remission not defined, mean <3	82	80	NS	100	100	18
Zoli et al100	1997	Italy	12	10	HBI <3	67	50	NS	80	60	8

Adapted from wall et al⁶

CDAI, Crohn’s Disease Activity Index; CS, corticosteroids; EEN, exclusive enteral nutrition; HBI, Harvey Bradshaw Index; ITT, intention to treat; NS, not significant; PP, per-protocol; VHAI, Van Hees Activity Index.