FIGURE 1.

Only telmisartan among the three ARBs potentiated insulin secretion in rat islets (n = 7 tubes of islet). (A) Rat islets were treated with various doses (1, 10, and 50 μM) of telmisartan under 2.8 and 8.3 mM glucose (denoted as 2.8 G and 8.3 G) conditions. (B) Islets were treated with 10 μM telmisartan under different glucose concentrations (2.8, 11.1, and 16.7 mM). (C,D) Rat islets were treated with various doses (1, 10, and 50 μM) of valsartan or irbesartan under 2.8 and 16.7 mM glucose conditions. The islets compared between the groups in each graph are collected from the same animal. All results are normalized to basal secretion at 2.8 G, and reported as the means ± SEM. Statistical differences among three or more groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student–Newman–Keuls method post hoc analysis. Statistical differences between two groups (with or without telmisartan) under the same glucose condition in (B) were determined using an unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.