Table 2. Characteristics of Participants With Type 1 Diabetes by Insulin Pump Use.
| Characteristic | Use of insulin pump, No./total No. (%) | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||
| Total participants, No. | 658 | 558 | NA |
| Age at screening, mean (SD), y | 15.9 (3.7) | 15.1 (3.9) | <.001 |
| Age at diabetes diagnosis, mean (SD), y | 8.3 (3.9) | 7.1 (3.6) | <.001 |
| Duration of diabetes, mean (SD), y | 7.7 (4.4) | 8.1 (4.0) | .14 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 316/658 (48.0) | 299/558 (53.6) | .05 |
| Male | 342/658 (52.0) | 259/558 (46.4) | |
| Race and ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 187/658 (28.4) | 94/558 (16.8) | <.001 |
| Non-Hispanic Black or African American | 178/658 (27.1) | 66/558 (11.8) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 250/658 (38.0) | 361/558 (64.7) | |
| Otherb | 43/658 (6.5) | 37/558 (6.6) | |
| Insurance | |||
| Private/commercial | 351/628 (55.9) | 404/550 (73.5) | <.001 |
| Public/Medicaid | 277/628 (44.1) | 146/550 (26.5) | |
| BMI percentile, mean (SD)c | 72.2 (25.9) | 70.5 (25.1) | .27 |
| Diabetic retinopathy diagnosis | 33/658 (5.0) | 10/558 (1.8) | .002 |
| Use of continuous glucose monitor | 116/658 (17.6) | 308/558 (55.2) | <.001 |
| HbA1c, level | |||
| Mean (SD), % | 10.0 (2.1) | 8.7 (1.5) | <.001 |
| Last measurement, mean (SD), % | 10.0 (2.3) | 8.7 (1.6) | <.001 |
| Ever >8% | 591/658 (89.8) | 438/558 (78.5) | <.001 |
| Endocrine appointments within past 12 mo, mean (SD), No.d | 1.9 (1.5) | 2.5 (1.4) | <.001 |
| Diabetic ketoacidosis admissions within past 12 mo, mean (SD), No.d | 0.09 (0.37) | 0.04 (0.22) | .01 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; NA, not applicable.
a
P values were derived from χ2 test for categorical variables and t test for continuous variables.
b
Includes patients who were Asian (n = 50) and those who did not specify race or ethnicity, specified other race or ethnicity, or for whom data on race or ethnicity were not available (n = 51).
c
The BMI percentiles were obtained by plotting values on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s BMI-for-Age charts for boys and girls.31
d
Data only available for the 1332 patients at Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children’s Hospital.