Table 1. Distribution of Demographic Characteristics, Cannabis Outcomes, and State-Level Covariates Between States That Differ by Cannabis Law Status.
| Participants, No. (weighted %) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| No cannabis laws (n = 191 600) | Medical cannabis laws only (n = 490 400) | Recreational cannabis laws (n = 156 600) | |
| Individual-level factors | |||
| Sexa | |||
| Women | 99 900 (51.7) | 254 300 (51.5) | 80 700 (51.0) |
| Men | 91 700 (48.4) | 236 100 (48.6) | 76 000 (49.0) |
| Age, mean (range), y | 43 (12-102) | 43.77 (12-105) | 43.06 (12-100) |
| 12-20 | 78 100 (15.0) | 201 900 (14.4) | 64 300 (14.8) |
| 21-30 | 48 600 (16.5) | 123 400 (16.1) | 39 800 (16.6) |
| 31-40 | 22 400 (15.6) | 55 800 (15.2) | 18 100 (15.8) |
| 41-50 | 19 600 (16.2) | 50 900 (16.1) | 16 200 (16.2) |
| 51-64 | 13 400 (21.1) | 34 100 (21.5) | 10 900 (21.1) |
| ≥65 | 9500 (15.6) | 24 300 (16.8) | 7400 (15.5) |
| Race or ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 122 100 (66.3) | 299 200 (64.6) | 90 600 (58.7) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 28 900 (15.6) | 55 500 (10.2) | 14 600 (6.5) |
| Hispanic | 12 000 (4.6) | 48 900 (8.7) | 17 500 (12.2) |
| Otherb | 28 600 (13.5) | 86 700 (16.4) | 33 900 (22.6) |
| Nativity | |||
| US-born | 175 400 (89.5) | 429 500 (82.6) | 135 200 (78.2) |
| Born outside the US | 16 100 (10.5) | 60 900 (17.4) | 21 500 (21.8) |
| Education | |||
| Less than high school | 21 100 (16.0) | 48 100 (13.3) | 15 400 (13.6) |
| High school graduate | 41 000 (29.3) | 103 400 (27.9) | 31 800 (25.4) |
| Some college | 42 600 (27.8) | 105 700 (27.7) | 33 800 (28.5) |
| College graduate | 30 000 (26.9) | 87 000 (31.1) | 29 000 (32.5) |
| Annual income, $ | |||
| <20 000 | 44 100 (19.3) | 103 800 (17.3) | 33 500 (16.8) |
| 20 000-49 999 | 64 400 (33.4) | 154 300 (30.8) | 49 400 (30.2) |
| 50 000-74 999 | 31 400 (17.4) | 78 800 (16.6) | 24 600 (16.2) |
| ≥75 000 | 51 600 (29.9) | 153 500 (35.4) | 49 200 (36.8) |
| Urbanicity | |||
| Large metropolitan | 60 600 (42.5) | 247 600 (61.0) | 80 600 (64.8) |
| Small metropolitan | 77 100 (35.5) | 163 300 (27.9) | 52 400 (27.1) |
| Nonmetropolitan | 53 900 (21.9) | 79 400 (11.1) | 23 600 (8.2) |
| Insurance | |||
| Private | 116 900 (65.2) | 302 800 (67.2) | 95 000 (66.3) |
| Medicaid/SCHIP | 33 500 (8.6) | 104 400 (12.3) | 35 800 (13.4) |
| Medicare | 12 500 (20.3) | 31 600 (20.6) | 9600 (18.8) |
| Military | 8400 (6.1) | 15 900 (4.4) | 5100 (4.1) |
| Other | 4200 (1.8) | 12 700 (2.1) | 4100 (2.2) |
| None | 31 700 (16.5) | 63 100 (12.4) | 19 800 (12.9) |
| Any health insurance | 159 900 (83.5) | 427 300 (87.6) | 136 900 (87.1) |
| Substance use | |||
| Past year cannabis use | 28 900 (10.3) | 94 000 (13.5) | 34 900 (16.1) |
| Past month cannabis use | 16 500 (6.1) | 57 400 (8.5) | 22 100 (10.6) |
| Past month daily cannabis usec | 6400 (2.5) | 22 500 (3.6) | 9000 (4.6) |
| DSM-5 cannabis use disorderd | 4800 (1.3) | 15 100 (1.6) | 5400 (1.8) |
| State-level factors | |||
| Demographics, mean (range), % | |||
| Men | 49.2 (48.3-51.0) | 49.1 (47.1-52.0) | 49.6 (47.1-52.0) |
| White | 73.8 (59.1-93.9) | 72.5 (24.3-96.9) | 68.9 (30.8-96.9) |
| 10-24 y | 21.3 (20.1-23.9) | 20.7 (18.6-28.4) | 21.2 (18.6-23.4) |
| >25 y with at least high school | 16.7 (7.7-27.1) | 14.9 (8.2-25.2) | 15.9 (8.9-23.2) |
| Unemployment rate | 5.9 (2.5-8.0) | 6.5 (2.7-9.4) | 7.2 (2.9-9.4) |
| Median household income, mean (range), $ | 45 313 (31 330-60 674) | 50 858 (29 696-68 854) | 53 424 (37 240-64 576) |
Abbreviations: DSM-5, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition); SCHIP, State Children’s Health Insurance Program.
a
Sex reported in terms of gender in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health study.
b
Because small numbers of participants endorsed several of the listed categories, we recategorized Native American, Pacific Islander, Asian American, and more than 1 race as other race or ethnicity.
c
Daily cannabis use is the use of cannabis almost daily (20 or more days) in the past month among cannabis users.
d
Past-year cannabis use disorder was calculated among people who used cannabis.