| Study characteristics |
| Methods |
Study design: RCT
Setting: Brazil, occupational
Exercise groups: 1
Comparison groups: 1 |
| Participants |
Number of participants: 33 (E1 = 14, C1 = 19)
Chronic LBP duration: Not specified (not specified)
Neurological/radicular symptoms: Some participants
Mean age (years): 37
Sex (female): 100% |
| Interventions |
Exercise Group 1 (E1): Multiple components: exercise plus home exercises; type = stretching & strengthening; duration = 16 weeks; dose = high; design = standardised; delivery = group; additional intervention = advice/education
Comparison Group 1 (C1): Other conservative treatment (education) |
| Outcomes |
Core outcomes reported: Pain (Visual Analogue Scale)
Follow‐up time periods available for syntheses: 16 weeks (moderate) |
| Notes |
Conflicts of interest: Not reported
Funding source: São Paulo Research Foundation (Process n. 1997/05744‐3)
Other: None |
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias)
All outcomes |
High risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Blinding of care provider (performance bias) |
High risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias)
All outcomes |
Unclear risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes |
Low risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Participants analysed in group allocated (attrition bias) |
Low risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) |
Unclear risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Groups similar at baseline (selection bias) |
Low risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Co‐interventions avoided or similar (performance bias) |
Unclear risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Compliance acceptable in all groups (performance bias) |
Unclear risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Timing of outcome assessment similar in all groups (detection bias) |
Low risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
