| Study characteristics |
| Methods |
Study design: RCT
Setting: France, healthcare
Exercise groups: 2
Comparison groups: 0 |
| Participants |
Number of participants: 90 (E1 = 30, E2 = 30)
Chronic LBP duration: Not specified (not specified)
Neurological/radicular symptoms: Not specified
Mean age (years): Not reported
Sex (female): Not reported |
| Interventions |
Exercise Group 1 (E1): Intensive functional rehabilitation programme: flexibility, endurance, and strengthening exercises for all major muscle groups, daily isokinetic training of the trunk muscles; type = mixed; duration = 4 weeks; dose = high; design = partially individualised; delivery = group; additional intervention = relaxation
Exercise Group 2 (E2): Intensive functional rehabilitation programme: flexibility, endurance, and strengthening exercises for all major muscle groups; type = mixed; duration = 4 weeks; dose = high; design = partially individualised; delivery = group; additional intervention = relaxation |
| Outcomes |
Core outcomes reported: Pain (Visual Analogue Scale); function (Dallas Pain Questionnaire)
Follow‐up time periods available for syntheses: 4 weeks (short); 12 weeks (short) |
| Notes |
Conflicts of interest: Not reported
Funding source: Not reported
Other: Sufficient data not available for inclusion in meta‐analyses |
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias)
All outcomes |
High risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Blinding of care provider (performance bias) |
High risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias)
All outcomes |
High risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes |
High risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Participants analysed in group allocated (attrition bias) |
High risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) |
Low risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Groups similar at baseline (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Co‐interventions avoided or similar (performance bias) |
Low risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Compliance acceptable in all groups (performance bias) |
Low risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Timing of outcome assessment similar in all groups (detection bias) |
Low risk |
Support for judgement was not available. |
| Other bias |
Unclear risk |
Not available: non‐English publication |
