Fig. 1.

Deep learning may impact clinical oncology during diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Specific areas of clinical oncology where deep learning is showing promise include cancer of unknown primary, molecular subtyping of cancers, prognosis and survivability and precision oncology. Examples of deep learning applications within each of these areas are listed. The data modalities utilised by deep learning models are numerous and include genomic, transcriptomic and histopathology data categories covered in this review