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. 2021 Sep 27;2:111. doi: 10.1186/s43058-021-00205-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Applying sustainability frameworks during the implementation process. Sustainability frameworks and concepts are superimposed on the Knowledge-to-Action Cycle implementation process model (Reprinted with permission of John Wiley & Sons from: Straus SE, Tetroe J, Graham ID, eds. Knowledge Translation in Health Care: Moving From Evidence to Practice. 2nd ed. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2013.). The cogs have colored outlines to represent whether they were used in both (gray) or just the second sustainability cycle (black). Use of dynamic strategies assists with tailoring implementation strategies for sustainability. Using and then repeating implementation evaluation frameworks (e.g., RE-AIM), provides insight into sustainability outcomes. Sustainability assessment tools offer information about factors that affect sustainment and can guide further program adaptations