Table 1.
Characteristics of including trials
| Author | Year | Country | Groups(n) | CON of LA-Total volume | DEX dose | Weight (kg) | Block/location | Technique | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hwang | 2020 | Korea | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (25) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (25) | 0.75%-9 ml | 100 μg | 68.50 ± 13.20 | Interscalene | Ultrasound | DOA, VAS |
| Nicholas | 2020 | India | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (27) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (27) | 0.5%-21 ml | 0.5 μg/kg | 68.89 | Axillary | Ultrasound | AE |
| Shahtaheri | 2020 | Iran | 1.Lidocaine + DEX (33) 2.Lidocaine + NS (33) | 1.5%-35 ml | 0.5 μg/kg | NR | Axillary | Nerve stimulator | OC, VAS |
| Singh | 2020 | India | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (20) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (20) | 0.5%-30 ml | 1 μg/kg | 67.50 ± 9.30 | Supraclavicular | Ultrasound | DOA, OC, AE |
| Avula | 2019 | India | 1.Bupivacaine + DEX (30) 2.Bupivacaine + NS (30) | 0.5%-20.75 ml | 75 μg | 68.83 ± 5.38 | Supraclavicular | Ultrasound | DOA, AE |
| Hassan | 2019 | Egypt | 1.Bupivacaine + Lidocaine + DEX (15) 2.Bupivacaine + Lidocaine + NS (15) | 0.5–2%-25 ml | 100 μg | NR | Supraclavicular | Ultrasound | DOA |
| Nazir | 2019 | India | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (30) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (30) | 0.5%-30 ml | 50 μg | 64.88 ± 6.70 | Supraclavicular | Nerve stimulator | DOA |
| Sharma | 2019 | Nepal | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (30) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (30) | 0.5%-31 ml | 0.75 μg/kg | 64.30 ± 5.90 | Supraclavicular | Ultrasound | DOA, AE |
| Singh | 2019 | India | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (30) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (30) | 0.5%-31 ml | 100 μg | 53.33 ± 8.21 | Supraclavicular | Nerve stimulator | DOA, AE |
| Yaghoobi | 2019 | Iran | 1.Lidocaine + DEX (25) 2.Lidocaine + NS (25) | 2%-30 ml | 1 μg/kg | NR | Infraclavicular | Ultrasound | DOA |
| Akhondzadeh | 2018 | Iran | 1.Lidocaine + DEX (36) 2.Lidocaine + NS (31) | 2%-30 ml | 1 μg/kg | 68.72 ± 7.87 | Supraclavicular | Ultrasound | DOA, VAS, OC |
| Elyazed | 2018 | Egypt | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (35) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (35) | 0.5%-39 ml | 100 μg | 76.50 ± 8.90 | Infraclavicular | Ultrasound | DOA, VAS, OC, AE |
| Hamed | 2018 | Egypt | 1.Bupivacaine + DEX (20) 2.Bupivacaine + NS (20) | 1.5 mg/kg-40 ml | 1 μg/kg | 72.80 ± 7.30 | Supraclavicular | Ultrasound | DOA, AE |
| He | 2018 | China | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (28) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (28) | 0.375%-40 ml | 1 μg/kg | 77.32 ± 14.18 | Coracoid approach | Nerve stimulator | DOA, VAS, OC |
| Jung | 2018 | Korea | 1.Levobupivacaine + DEX (25) 2.Levobupivacaine + DEX (25) 3.Levobupivacaine + DEX (24) 4.Levobupivacaine + NS (23) | 0.5%-22 ml | 1 μg/kg 1.5 μg/kg 2 μg/kg | 69.37 ± 11.33 63.81 ± 9.44 69.80 ± 16.85 | Interscalene | Ultrasound | DOA, VAS, OC |
| Kaur | 2018 | India | 1.Levobupivacaine + DEX (40) 2.Levobupivacaine + NS (40) | 0.5%-30 ml | 1 μg/kg | NR | Supraclavicular | Ultrasound | DOA, AE |
| Koraki | 2018 | Greece | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (19) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (18) | 0.5%-16 ml | 100 μg | NR | Axillary | Ultrasound | DOA, AE |
| Liu | 2018 | China | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (57) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (57) | 0.375%-20 ml | 100 μg | NR | NR | Nerve stimulator | DOA, VAS, AE |
| Mangal | 2018 | India | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (44) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (43) | 0.75%-22 ml | 1 μg/kg | 60.36 ± 6.41 | Supraclavicular | Ultrasound | DOA, OC, AE |
| Mathew | 2018 | India | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (20) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (20) | 0.5%-30 ml | 1 μg/kg | 68.35 ± 11.70 | Supraclavicular | Ultrasound | DOA |
| Pillai | 2018 | India | 1.Bupivacaine + DEX (33) 2.Bupivacaine + DEX (33) 3.Bupivacaine + NS (33) | 0.5%-27 ml | 20 μg 40 μg | 63.52 ± 14.14 66.64 ± 13.62 | Supraclavicular | Ultrasound | DOA |
| Aksu | 2017 | Turkey | 1.Bupivacaine + DEX (25) 2.Bupivacaine + NS (25) | 0.33%-15 ml | 1 μg/kg | 76.40 ± 10.80 | Supraclavicular | Ultrasound, Nerve stimulator | DOA, AE |
| Bisui | 2017 | India | 1.Levobupivacaine + DEX (34) 2.Levobupivacaine + NS (33) | 0.5%-30 ml | 0.75 μg/kg | 59.00 ± 7.64 | Supraclavicular | Nerve stimulator | DOA, VAS |
| Chinnappa | 2017 | UAE | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (30) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (30) | 0.5%-31 ml | 1 μg/kg | 64.90 ± 11.30 | Supraclavicular | Nerve stimulator | DOA, AE |
| Farooq | 2017 | India | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (35) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (35) | 0.75%-35 ml | 1 μg/kg | 50.90 ± 10.20 | Interscalene | Nerve stimulator | DOA |
| Rashmi | 2017 | India | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (30) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (30) | 0.75%-30.5 ml | 50 μg | 61.00 ± 12.16 | Interscalene | Nerve stimulator | DOA |
| Thakur | 2017 | India | 1.Lidocaine + DEX (30) + adrenaline 2.Lidocaine + DEX (30) + adrenaline 3.Lidocaine + NS (30) + adrenaline | 2%-30 ml | 1 μg/kg 0.5 μg/kg | 50.77 ± 10.64 48.37 ± 10.48 | Axillary | Landmark | DOA |
| Wang | 2017 | China | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (31) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (27) | 0.5%-25 ml | 0.75 μg/kg | 61.00 ± 5.00 | Interscalene | Nerve stimulator | AE |
| Abdallah | 2016 | Canada | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (33) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (32) | 0.5%-16 ml | 0.5 μg/kg | 82.3 | Interscalene | Ultrasound | DOA, OC, AE, VAS |
| Arun | 2016 | India | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (30) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (30) | 0.75%-26 ml | 50 μg | 68.57 ± 2.00 | Axillary | Nerve stimulator | DOA, AE |
| Bangera | 2016 | India | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (40) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (40) | 0.375%-40 ml | 1 μg/kg | 60.33 ± 7.11 | Axillary | Nerve stimulator | DOA, AE |
| Lee | 2016 | Korea | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (17) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (17) | 0.5%-22 ml | 100 μg | 65.6 ± 4.80 | Axillary | Ultrasound, Nerve stimulator | AE |
| Nazir | 2016 | India | 1.Bupivacaine + DEX (35) 2.Bupivacaine + NS (35) | 0.25%-40 ml | 1 μg/kg | 52.00 ± 8.70 | Supraclavicular | Ultrasound | DOA |
| Singh | 2016 | India | 1.Levobupivacaine + DEX (29) 2.Levobupivacaine + NS (28) | 0.5%-31 ml | 100 μg | NR | Supraclavicular | Nerve stimulator | DOA, AE |
| Tandon | 2016 | India | 1.Levobupivacaine + DEX (30) 2.Levobupivacaine + NS (30) | 0.5%-31 ml | 100 μg | 63.10 ± 4.28 | Supraclavicular | Nerve stimulator | DOA, AE |
| Bharti | 2015 | India | 1.Ropivacaine + lidocaine + DEX (27) + adrenaline 2.Ropivacaine + lidocaine + NS (27) + adrenaline | 0.75–2%-0.5 ml/kg | 1 μg/kg | 62.52 ± 9.22 | Supraclavicular | Ultrasound | DOA, AE |
| Gurajala | 2015 | India | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (16) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (15) | 0.5%-35 ml | 50 μg | 62.13 ± 13.61 | Supraclavicular | Nerve stimulator | DOA, AE |
| Karthik | 2015 | India | 1.Levobupivacaine + DEX (50) 2.Levobupivacaine + NS (50) | 0.5%-40 ml | 1 μg/kg | 66.42 ± 5.34 | Axillary | Landmark | AE |
| Kathuria | 2015 | India | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (20) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (20) | 0.5%-30 ml | 50 μg | 72.00 ± 11.67 | Supraclavicular | Ultrasound | DOA, OC |
| Kaur | 2015 | India | 1.Levobupivacaine+lidocaine+DEX (50) 2.Levobupivacaine+lidocaine+NS (50) | 0.25–1%-40 ml | 1 μg/kg | 66.18 ± 7.32 | Supraclavicular | Nerve stimulator | DOA |
| Manohar | 2015 | India | 1.Bupivacaine + DEX (30) 2.Bupivacaine + NS (30) | 0.5%-30 ml | 50 μg | 53.26 ± 10.49 | Supraclavicular | Nerve stimulator | DOA, AE |
| Tiwari | 2015 | India | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (60) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (60) | 0.75%-20 ml | 50 μg | 60.27 ± 9.11 | Supraclavicular | Ultrasound | DOA, AE |
| Agarwal | 2014 | India | 1.Bupivacaine + DEX (25) 2.Bupivacaine + NS (25) | 0.325%-31 ml | 100 μg | 64.00 ± 9.40 | Supraclavicular | Nerve stimulator | DOA, AE |
| Biswas | 2014 | India | 1.Levobupivacaine + DEX (30) 2.Levobupivacaine + NS (30) | 0.5%-36 ml | 100 μg | 71.36 ± 9.38 | Supraclavicular | Nerve stimulator | DOA |
| Fritsch | 2014 | Austria | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (16) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (15) | 0.5%-12 ml | 150 μg | NR | Interscalene | Ultrasound | VAS |
| Megha | 2014 | India | 1.Bupivacaine + lidocaine + DEX (20) 2.Bupivacaine + lidocaine + NS (20) | 0.5–2%-30 ml | 50 μg | NR | Supraclavicular | Nerve stimulator | DOA, AE |
| Mirkheshti | 2014 | Iran | 1.Lidocaine + DEX (34) 2.Lidocaine + NS (34) | 1.5%-30 ml | 100 μg | 72.00 ± 9.00 | Infraclavicular | Ultrasound | DOA |
| Nema | 2014 | India | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (30) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (30) | 0.75%-30 ml | 50 μg | NR | Supraclavicular | Landmark | DOA |
| Song | 2014 | Korea | 1.Mepivacaine + DEX(10) 2.Mepivacaine + NS(10) | 1%-40 ml | 1 μg/kg | 64.80 ± 9.60 | Infraclavicular | Nerve stimulator | DOA |
| Zhang | 2014 | China | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (15) 2.Ropivacaine + DEX (15) 3.Ropivacaine + NS (15) | 0.33%-41 ml | 100 μg 50 μg | 66.40 ± 7.85 65.47 ± 12.14 | Axillary | Nerve stimulator | AE |
| Dar | 2013 | India | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (40) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (40) | 0.5%-41 ml | 50 μg | 72.20 ± 9.01 | Axillary | Nerve stimulator | DOA, AE |
| Patki | 2013 | India | 1.Ropivacaine + DEX (30) 2.Ropivacaine + NS (30) | 0.5%-30.5 ml | 50 μg | NR | Supraclavicular | Landmark | DOA |
| Ammar | 2012 | Egypt | 1.Bupivacaine + DEX (30) 2.Bupivacaine + NS (30) | 0.33%-30 ml | 0.75 μg/kg | 80.50 ± 9.50 | Infraclavicular | Ultrasound | DOA, OC |
| Gandhi | 2012 | India | 1.Bupivacaine + DEX (35) 2.Bupivacaine + NS (35) | 0.25%-40 ml | 30 μg | 51.40 ± 10.60 | Supraclavicular | Landmark | DOA, AE |
| Hanoura | 2012 | Egypt | 1.Bupivacaine + DEX (25) 2.Bupivacaine + NS (25) | 0.25%-41 ml | 100 μg | NR | Axillary | Nerve stimulator | DOA, VAS |
| Kaygusuz | 2012 | Turkey | 1.Levobupivacaine + DEX (30) 2.Levobupivacaine + NS (30) | 0.5%-40 ml | 1 μg/kg | 73.75 ± 8.11 | Axillary | Nerve stimulator | DOA |
| Esmaoglu | 2010 | Turkey | 1.Levobupivacaine + DEX (30) 2.Levobupivacaine + NS (30) | 0.5%-41 ml | 100 μg | 72.20 ± 9.01 | Axillary | Nerve stimulator | DOA, AE |
Abbreviations: CON, concentration; LA, local anesthetics; DEX, dexmedetomidine; kg, kilogram; NS, normal saline; ml, milliliter; μg, microgram; DOA, duration of analgesia; VAS, visual analogue scale; OC, Opioid consumption; AE, adverse event; NR, not reported