Table 1.
Incidence of risk and protective factors for COVID-19 in men and women
| Women | Men | OR | CI95 | P | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No COVID | COVID | No COVID | COVID | ||||||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | ||||
| Toxoplasmosis | 563 | 18.3 | 81 | 23.9 | 115 | 12.1 | 27 | 20.6 | 1.50 | 1.19–1.89 | 0.0007 |
| Borreliosis | 410 | 19.9 | 57 | 24.3 | 108 | 14.6 | 17 | 17.0 | 1.27 | 0.96–1.68 | 0.0881 |
| Rh-positivity | 1953 | 76.4 | 219 | 76.3 | 490 | 75.9 | 61 | 74.4 | 0.98 | 0.76–1.26 | 0.8854 |
| A blood group | 989 | 37.3 | 123 | 41.1 | 236 | 34.1 | 33 | 35.9 | 1.16 | 0.93–1.44 | 0.1795 |
| B blood group | 568 | 21.4 | 50 | 16.7 | 156 | 22.5 | 22 | 23.9 | 0.82 | 0.62–1.07 | 0.1368 |
| AB blood group | 247 | 9.3 | 34 | 11.4 | 91 | 13.1 | 13 | 14.1 | 1.19 | 0.86–1.65 | 0.2929 |
| O blood group | 850 | 32.0 | 92 | 30.8 | 210 | 30.3 | 24 | 26.1 | 0.91 | 0.73–1.15 | 0.4396 |
| Being overweight | 739 | 35.1 | 90 | 31.0 | 258 | 42.6 | 35 | 33.0 | 0.74 | 0.57–0.95 | 0.0169 |
| Diabetes | 75 | 3.6 | 7 | 2.4 | 28 | 4.6 | 8 | 7.6 | 0.96 | 0.52–1.76 | 0.8921 |
| Cardiovascular problems | 131 | 6.2 | 16 | 5.5 | 65 | 10.7 | 9 | 8.5 | 0.81 | 0.50–1.30 | 0.3820 |
| Asthma | 1846 | 87.7 | 256 | 88.3 | 544 | 89.9 | 89 | 84.0 | 1.13 | 0.80–1.59 | 0.4908 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 49 | 2.3 | 5 | 1.7 | 16 | 2.6 | 2 | 1.9 | 0.67 | 0.27–1.63 | 0.3737 |
| Immunosuppression | 289 | 13.7 | 40 | 13.8 | 52 | 8.6 | 9 | 8.5 | 1.00 | 0.70–1.42 | 0.9929 |
| Allergy | 548 | 26.0 | 77 | 26.6 | 150 | 24.8 | 28 | 26.4 | 1.06 | 0.81–1.37 | 0.6798 |
| Autoimmunity | 168 | 14.4 | 25 | 11.6 | 26 | 8.7 | 6 | 9.1 | 0.75 | 0.45–1.24 | 0.2545 |
| Living alone | 285 | 9.3 | 28 | 8.3 | 160 | 16.9 | 23 | 17.6 | 0.96 | 0.70–1.32 | 0.8027 |
| Tobacco smoking | 415 | 19.7 | 54 | 18.6 | 148 | 24.5 | 23 | 21.7 | 0.89 | 0.66–1.19 | 0.4341 |
| Marijuana consumption | 56 | 2.7 | 6 | 2.1 | 40 | 6.6 | 14 | 13.2 | 1.49 | 0.88–2.53 | 0.1367 |
| Daily alcohol consumption | 126 | 6.0 | 16 | 5.5 | 97 | 16.0 | 14 | 13.2 | 0.86 | 0.55–1.33 | 0.4887 |
| Frequent singing | 269 | 12.8 | 39 | 13.5 | 50 | 8.3 | 14 | 13.2 | 1.21 | 0.87–1.70 | 0.2612 |
| Sport | 620 | 29.5 | 92 | 31.7 | 274 | 45.3 | 60 | 56.6 | 1.30 | 1.03–1.65 | 0.0300 |
| Cold water swimming | 205 | 9.7 | 37 | 12.8 | 102 | 16.9 | 19 | 17.9 | 1.32 | 0.95–1.84 | 0.0989 |
| Frequent sauna use | 94 | 8.0 | 20 | 9.3 | 37 | 12.4 | 8 | 12.1 | 1.16 | 0.70–1.93 | 0.5558 |
| Vitamins and supplements | 753 | 35.8 | 133 | 45.9 | 289 | 47.8 | 60 | 56.6 | 0.62 | 0.49–0.78 | 0.0001 |
| Wearing glasses | 1101 | 60.4 | 169 | 61.9 | 371 | 67.8 | 67 | 66.3 | 0.96 | 0.75–1.24 | 0.7723 |
| Dog-keeping | 365 | 44.2 | 78 | 49.4 | 93 | 51.1 | 21 | 45.7 | 0.82 | 0.56–1.18 | 0.282 |
| Cat-keeping | 381 | 46.1 | 82 | 51.9 | 82 | 45.1 | 17 | 37.0 | 1.16 | 0.80–1.68 | 0.4303 |
The last four columns show the results of logistic regression with COVID-19 infection as a dependent variable; age, sex, and size of the place of residence as covariates; and one of risk/protective factors listed in the first column as the independent variable. Results shown in bold were significant after correction for multiple tests
CI95 means 95% confidence interval and OR odds ratio