Table 1.

Basic characteristics of the study population.

	All (n = 132)	Male (n = 64)	Female (n = 68)	P value
Birth weight, g	3500 (3145, 3800)	3665 (3275, 3900)	3365 (3100, 3655)	<.001
Birth length, cm	51.5 (50, 53)	52 (51, 54)	51 (50, 52.5)	.01
	All (n = 132)	Male (n = 64)	Female ( = 68)	P value	All (n = 132)	Male (n = 64)	Female (n = 68)	P value
	Baseline				Follow-up
Energy, kcal/day	2131.75 (1785.46, 2664.09)	2622.9 (2296.47, 2803.29)	1821.59 (1627.71, 2018.56)	<.001	2186.77 (1883.17, 2724.57)	2713.01 (2263.52, 3018.51)	1924.11 (1686.05, 2095.29)	<.001
Protein, g/day	73.87 (58.65, 90.27)	90.32 (79.75, 101.4)	61.06 (51.99, 68.43)	<.001	75.36 (59.79, 93.02)	92.15 (78.26, 103.64)	64.87 (51.92, 72.43)	<.001
Body mass index, kg/m²	21.34 (19.77, 23.19)	21.56 (19.99, 23.54)	20.87 (19.53, 22.95)	.24	21.76 (20.28, 23.35)	22.05 (20.61, 23.39)	21.55 (19.93, 22.97)	.16
Metabolites, µM
Tryptophan	55.29 (37.23, 92.33)	71.31 (38.35, 100.42)	47.71 (36, 84.54)	.03	53.65 (39.94, 82.47)	67.81 (43.81, 91.88)	48.84 (29.47, 68.53)	.01
Picolinic acid	1.43 (1.23, 1.59)	1.42 (1.22, 1.6)	1.43 (1.24, 1.55)	.71	1.46 (1.29, 1.63)	1.46 (1.35, 1.64)	1.47 (1.23, 1.62)	.56
Quinolinic acid	40.08 (27.44, 49.58)	40.55 (28.34, 48.37)	39.1 (25.53, 52.99)	.65	35.49 (28.18, 46.65)	35.07 (27.01, 48.02)	36.51 (29.49, 46.06)	.79
Kynurenic acid	20.1 (13.96, 28.73)	22.18 (15.26, 31.04)	17.57 (11.04, 26.53)	.01	17.37 (11.51, 29.14)	21.14 (12.98, 34.57)	15.16 (9.26, 23.69)	.002
Kynurenine	3.55 (1.92, 6.13)	4.23 (2.35, 7.78)	2.46 (1.65, 5.26)	.001	3.19 (1.93, 5.25)	3.88 (2.47, 6.19)	2.53 (1.65, 4.18)	.003
Xanthurenic acid	6.38 (3.92, 9.04)	5.77 (4.2, 7.87)	6.68 (3.82, 9.75)	.56	5.83 (3.75, 9.48)	5 (3.75, 9.3)	6.62 (3.74, 10.07)	.60
Anthranilic acid	0.4 (0.27, 0.59)	0.39 (0.26, 0.56)	0.42 (0.28, 0.62)	.38	0.37 (0.25, 0.52)	0.37 (0.25, 0.48)	0.37 (0.25, 0.55)	.89
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid	0.43 (0.25, 0.71)	0.42 (0.25, 0.69)	0.43 (0.24, 0.72)	.64	0.4 (0.23, 0.74)	0.38 (0.24, 0.69)	0.41 (0.21, 0.82)	.63
3-hydroxykynurenine	0.34 (0, 0.59)	0.33 (0, 0.55)	0.36 (0.06, 0.63)	.58	0.29 (0, 0.52)	0.33 (0, 0.59)	0.27 (0, 0.5)	.50
Serotonin	0.45 (0.32, 0.66)	0.45 (0.47, 0.62)	0.45 (0.3, 0.64)	.34	0.47 (0.29, 0.64)	0.43 (0.3, 0.67)	0.48 (0.28, 0.58)	.48
5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid	18.47 (13.85, 29.56)	18.61 (14.09, 29.48)	18.35 (12.89, 30.19)	.93	18.98 (12.4, 27.34)	19.99 (12.49, 27.11)	18.09 (12.29, 28.75)	.97
	All (n = 132)	Male (n = 64)	Female ( = 68)	P value	All (n = 132)	Male (n = 64)	Female (n = 68)	P value
	Baseline				Follow-up
Indole-3-acetamide	0.26 (0.18, 0.43)	0.29 (0.19, 0.43)	0.25 (0.15, 0.39)	.22	0.26 (0.17, 0.41)	0.32 (0.16, 0.47)	0.23 (0.17, 0.36)	.25
Indole-3-acetic acid	30.72 (19.4, 42.67)	30.36 (22.4, 42.67)	31.78 (17.56, 42.21)	.59	27.34 (19.13, 41.67)	27.56 (18.19, 42.18)	27.1 (21.63, 41.44)	.84
Indole-3-lactic acid	1.29 (0.72, 2.02)	0.98 (0.69, 1.62)	1.65 (0.85, 2.7)	<.001	1.25 (0.83, 1.93)	0.99 (0.71, 1.44)	1.5 (1.08, 2.82)	<.001
Indole-3-propionic acid	0.05 (0.04, 0.07)	0.05 (0.04, 0.07)	0.05 (0.04, 0.07)	.36	0.05 (0.04, 0.08)	0.05 (0.04, 0.08)	0.06 (0.04, 0.08)	.12
Indole-3-carboxaldehyde	0.13 (0.08, 0.19)	0.12 (0.08, 0.16)	0.14 (0.08, 0.26)	.04	0.12 (0.07, 0.2)	0.11 (0.07, 0.15)	0.13 (0.08, 0.27)	.04
Indole-3-carboxylic acid	0.09 (0.07, 0.13)	0.1 (0.07, 0.13)	0.09 (0.06, 0.15)	.44	0.09 (0.7, 0.13)	0.1 (0.07, 0.13)	0.09 (0.07, 0.13)	.83
Tryptamine	0.42 (0.29, 0.61)	0.45 (0.34, 0.76)	0.41 (0.26, 0.57)	.02	0.41 (0.25, 0.63)	0.47 (0.32, 0.67)	0.36 (0.22, 0.56)	.03

All values are in median with 25 and 75 percentile, n, count.