Table 3.
Proteins Associated With Incident Heart Failure in a Meta‐Analysis of ULSAM and PIVUS
| Protein | Age Adjusted | Adjustment for Traditional Risk Factors | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI Lower | 95% CI Higher | P Value | HR | 95% CI Lower | 95% CI Higher | P Value | |
| NTproBNP | 2.14 | 1.84 | 2.49 | 4.77e‐23 | 2.11 | 1.79 | 2.48 | 3.17e‐19* |
| TRAIL‐R2 | 1.49 | 1.36 | 1.63 | 3.15e‐19 | 1.40 | 1.25 | 1.56 | 1.25e‐09* |
| GDF‐15 | 1.58 | 1.39 | 1.79 | 6.62e‐13 | 1.44 | 1.24 | 1.67 | 1.65e‐06* |
| FGF‐23 | 1.50 | 1.34 | 1.69 | 6.39e‐12 | 1.39 | 1.21 | 1.59 | 2.49e‐06* |
| TIM‐1 | 1.51 | 1.34 | 1.70 | 7.41e‐12 | 1.39 | 1.21 | 1.59 | 1.26e‐06* |
| FABP4 | 1.50 | 1.32 | 1.71 | 9.40e‐10 | 1.31 | 1.11 | 1.55 | 0.0012* |
| MMP‐12 | 1.48 | 1.30 | 1.68 | 1.87e‐09 | 1.42 | 1.23 | 1.63 | 1.12e‐06* |
| SPON1 | 1.57 | 1.35 | 1.83 | 2.62e‐09 | 1.51 | 1.29 | 1.77 | 2.72e‐07* |
| CSF‐1 | 1.45 | 1.26 | 1.67 | 2.20e‐07 | 1.31 | 1.11 | 1.53 | 0.00077* |
| TNF‐R1 | 1.41 | 1.24 | 1.61 | 2.25e‐07 | 1.24 | 1.05 | 1.47 | 0.0094 |
| U‐PAR | 1.48 | 1.27 | 1.73 | 5.51e‐07 | 1.33 | 1.12 | 1.58 | 0.00090* |
| CCL20 | 1.32 | 1.18 | 1.48 | 5.96e‐07 | 1.28 | 1.14 | 1.45 | 0.000027* |
| HGF | 1.37 | 1.20 | 1.55 | 1.49e‐06 | 1.23 | 1.07 | 1.43 | 0.0040* |
| PlGF | 1.37 | 1.20 | 1.57 | 2.24e‐06 | 1.28 | 1.09 | 1.49 | 0.0014 |
| IL‐6 | 1.30 | 1.16 | 1.45 | 2.57e‐06 | 1.20 | 1.06 | 1.36 | 0.0027* |
| Follistatin | 1.35 | 1.19 | 1.54 | 4.43e‐06 | 1.26 | 1.10 | 1.45 | 0.00080* |
| hK11 | 1.32 | 1.16 | 1.49 | 0.000011 | 1.24 | 1.07 | 1.43 | 0.0031 |
| TNF‐R2 | 1.31 | 1.15 | 1.48 | 0.000028 | 1.17 | 1.01 | 1.37 | 0.035 |
| CD40 | 1.31 | 1.15 | 1.50 | 0.000053 | 1.18 | 1.02 | 1.37 | 0.024 |
| ST2 | 1.31 | 1.14 | 1.50 | 0.000076 | 1.30 | 1.13 | 1.50 | 0.00014* |
| EN‐RAGE | 1.27 | 1.12 | 1.44 | 0.00012 | 1.25 | 1.10 | 1.43 | 0.00038* |
| AGRP | 1.30 | 1.13 | 1.49 | 0.00020 | 1.25 | 1.08 | 1.45 | 0.0026* |
| CHI3L1 | 1.25 | 1.11 | 1.41 | 0.00022 | 1.14 | 1.01 | 1.30 | 0.031 |
| LOX‐1 | 1.27 | 1.11 | 1.45 | 0.00027 | 1.23 | 1.07 | 1.42 | 0.0026* |
| CCL3 | 1.20 | 1.08 | 1.32 | 0.00033 | 1.14 | 1.02 | 1.29 | 0.027 |
Hazard ratios (HRs) are given for a 1‐SD increase in the proteins. Only proteins with age‐ or sex‐adjusted P value <0.000625 and a multi‐adjusted P value <0.05 are shown. AGRP indicates agouti‐related protein; CCL3, C‐C motif chemokine 3; CCL20, C‐C motif chemokine 20; CD40, CD40L receptor; CHI3L1, chitinase‐3‐like protein 1; CSF‐1, macrophage colony‐stimulating factor; EN‐RAGE, protein S100‐A12; FABP4, fatty acid‐binding protein 4; FGF‐23, fibroblast growth factor 23; GDF‐15, growth/differentiation factor 15; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; hk11, kallikrein‐11; IL‐6, interleukin‐6; LOX‐1, lectin‐like oxidized LDL receptor 1; MMP‐12, matrix metalloproteinase‐12; NTproBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; PIGF, placenta growth factor; PIVUS, the Prospective Investigation of Uppsala Seniors Study; SPON1, spondin‐1; ST2, ST2 protein; TIM‐1, T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1; TNF‐R1, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1; TRAIL‐R2, TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand receptor 2; ULSAM, Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men; and U‐PAR, urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor.
P<0.05 also after adjustment for estimated glomerular filtration rate.