TABLE 2.
Summary of responses to a questionnaire sent to owner of Beagles with Lafora disease regarding additional neurological deficits, changes in cognitive function and behavioral changes (n = 28)
| Group of clinical signs | Clinical signs | Absolute number of dogs experiencing the clinical sign/number of responses; relative number in brackets |
|---|---|---|
| Additional neurological deficits | Frequent blinking | 12/25 (48%) |
| Impaired vision | 15/26 (58%) | |
| Impaired hearing | 13/26 (50%) | |
| Difficulties climbing stairs | 18/25 (72%) | |
| Loss of coordination | 21/25 (84%) | |
| Stiffness during walking | 15/25 (60%) | |
| Myoclonus during sleeping | 24/25 (96%) | |
| Changes in cognitive function | Loss of housetraining (defecation) | 2/25 (8%) |
| Loss of house training (urination) | 8/25 (32%) | |
| Difficulties performing learned tasks | 9/25 (36%) | |
| Difficulties learning new tasks | 7/23 (30%) | |
| impaired orientation in unknown surrounding | 9/25 (35%) | |
| general mental decline | 10/25 (40%) | |
| Behavioral changes | Noise sensitivity | 14/26 (54%) |
| Photosensitivity | 20/26 (77%) | |
| Sleepiness | 16/26 (61%) | |
| Changes in wake–sleep‐cycle | 4/26 (15%) | |
| Reduced playfulness | 12/26 (46%) | |
| Separation anxiety | 11/25 (44%) | |
| Aggression toward humans | 5/26 (19%) | |
| Aggression toward animals | 2/26 (8%) | |
| Staring into space | 16/25 (64%) | |
| Restless pacing | 11/26 (42%) | |
| Reduced stress resistance | 15/26 (58%) | |
| Panic attacks | 7/25 (28%) | |
| Anxiousness | 13/25 (52%) | |
| Reclusiveness | 11/25 (44%) | |
| Attachment to the owner | 7/25 (28%) | |
| Changes in appetite | 4/20 (20%) |
Note: Frequencies of observed clinical signs are provided as absolute and relative numbers.