TABLE 1.
Bivariate Differences in Vaccine Intent/Uptake by Demographics and Related Factors
| Demographics | Full Sample (N = 475) N (%); M (SD) | No Intent/Unvaccinated (N = 98) | Intent/Vaccinated (N = 377) | P Value | OR (95% Confidence Interval) |
| Age | 41.01 (13.29) | 38.9 (12.4) | 41.6 (13.4) | 0.08 | 1.02 (0.99, 1.03) |
| Range 18–75 | |||||
| Missing | 15 (3.2%) | ||||
| Sex | 0.01 | ||||
| Male | 241 (50.7%) | 39 (39.8%) | 202 (53.9%) | REF | |
| Female | 229 (48.2%) | 59 (60.2%) | 170 (45.3%) | 0.56 (0.35, 0.87) | |
| Other (prefer not to answer; third gender) | 3 (0.6%) | ||||
| Missing | 2 (0.4%) | ||||
| Race | 0.24 | ||||
| White | 450 (94.7%) | 91 (92.9%) | 359 (95.7%) | REF | |
| Nonwhite (Black, Hispanic, Asian, multiracial, other) | 23 (4.8%) | 7 (7.1%) | 16 (4.3%) | 0.58 (0.23, 1.45) | |
| Missing | 2 (0.4%) | ||||
| Marital status | 0.85 | ||||
| Single (including divorced, widowed, separated) | 151 (31.8%) | 32 (32.7%) | 114 (31.6%) | REF | |
| Married/living with significant other | 323 (68%) | 66 (67.3%) | 257 (68.4%) | 0.96 (0.59, 1.53) | |
| Missing | 1 (0.2%) | ||||
| Job role | ∗0.01 | ∗12.95 | |||
| Doctor and Mid-Level Provider | 38 (8.0%) | 0 (0%) | 38 (10.1%) | ||
| Nurse and Patient Care Technicians | 70 (14.7%) | 19 (19.4%) | 51 (13.5%) | ||
| Emergency Medical Services | 315 (66.3%) | 65 (66.4%) | 250 (66.3%) | ||
| Other | 52 (10.9%) | 14 (14.3%) | 38 (10.1%) | ||
| Education | 0.01 | ||||
| No degree | 150 (31.6%) | 34 (34.5%) | 116 (31.3%) | REF | |
| Degree | 255 (53.7%) | 59 (60.2%) | 196 (53.0%) | 0.97 (0.60, 1.57) | |
| Advanced/professional degree | 63 (13.3%) | 5 (5.1%) | 58 (15.7%) | 3.40 (1.26, 9.15) | |
| Other | 7 (1.5%) | 7 (1.9%) | |||
| Direct care to patients with COVID-19 or suspected COVID-19 | 0.96 | ||||
| Yes | 425 (89.5%) | 88 (89.8%) | 337 (89.6%) | REF | |
| No | 49 (10.3%) | 10 (10.2%) | 39 (10.4%) | 0.98 (0.47, 2.04) | |
| Missing | 1 (0.2%) | ||||
| COVID-19 testing status† | 0.02 | ||||
| Received a positive test | 80 (16.8%) | 24 (24.5%) | 56 (14.8%) | 0.54 (0.31, 0.92) | |
| Negative test or not tested for COVID-19 | 395 (83.2%) | 74 (75.5%) | 321 (85.2%) | REF | |
| Underlying health condition | 0.03 | ||||
| Yes | 139 (29.3%) | 20 (20.6%) | 119 (31.8%) | 1.80 (1.05, 3.08) | |
| No | 332 (69.9%) | 77 (79.4%) | 255 (68.2%) | REF | |
| Prefer not to answer | 4 (0.8%) | ||||
| Social Media (eg, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Reddit, Tumblr, etc) | 3.54 (1.24) | 3.29 (1.31) | 3.61 (1.22) | 0.02 | 1.23 (1.03, 1.47) |
Due to small numbers and a 0 in the no intent/unvaccinated category for Doctors, a logistic regression could not be conducted. These numbers represent the Pearson's Chi-Square and corresponding P value, suggesting differences in vaccine uptake/intent between job roles.
COVID-19 testing status numbers are greater than 475 because HCWs could have received both a negative and positive test since the beginning of the pandemic; those who endorsed both test results were included in the positive category for final analysis. The outcome was coded as 0 = no intent/unvaccinated and 1 = intent/vaccinated. OR = odds ratio. The “other” and “missing” categories were excluded from all logistic regression analyses given small numbers, and therefore do not have an associated OR. Education was defined as follows: no degree program (eg, high school or some college); degree program (eg, trade, vocational or technical school; associates degree; college degree); advanced degree (eg, postgraduate degree—PhD, DSc, etc or professional degree—MD, DO, DNP, etc). Underlying health condition was specified as high blood pressure, heart disease, lung disease, kidney disease, etc.