Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participantsa.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 84) | Low (n = 26) | Medium (n = 30) | High (n = 28) | P -valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | 49 (58.3) | 16 (61.5) | 17 (56.7) | 16 (57.1) | 0.92 |
| Age, y | 40.60 ± 7.82 | 39.96 ± 7.76 | 42.07 ± 7.81 | 39.59 ± 7.94 | 0.44 |
| Weight, kg | 70.39 ± 9.36 | 70.21 ± 9.04 | 69.76 ± 9.28 | 71.21 ± 9.99 | 0.84 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.46 ± 2.45 | 25.36 ± 2.16 | 25.37 ± 2.41 | 25.66 ± 2.80 | 0.87 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 90.11 ± 8.27 | 89.96 ± 7.55 | 90.98 ± 8.47 | 89.33 ± 8.88 | 0.75 |
| Glucose, mmol/l | 5.10 (0.64) | 5.14 (0.80) | 5.00 (0.76) | 5.20 (0.55) | 0.29 |
| TC, mmol/l | 4.60 (0.70) | 4.79 (1.14) | 4.64 (0.39) | 4.39 (0.67) | 0.07 |
| TG, mmol/l | 1.62 (1.20) | 1.84 (1.20) | 1.62 (1.35) | 1.23 (1.22) | 0.58 |
| VC, μmol/l | 49.03 ± 15.65 | 47.40 ± 15.52 | 49.28 ± 15.82 | 50.27 ± 16.03 | 0.80 |
a
Values are means ± SDs, median (interquartile range), and n (%) for variables with normal distribution, variables with skewed distribution, and categorical variables, respectively. BMI, body mass index; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; VC, vitamin C.
b
Among-group differences were compared using the ANOVA test and the χ2 test for continuous variables and categorical variables, respectively.