Table 3. Relationship between individual risk factors and sexual activity among girls attending secondary school, Siaya County, western Kenya, 2017–2018.
| Among full cohort of 3,998 girls | RR (95% CI) | P value | aRR* (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 1.22 (1.19–1.26) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.14–1.20) | <0.001 |
| Early menarche (<13 years) | 1.34 (1.12–1.61) | 0.002 | -- | -- |
| BMI | ||||
| Underweight (BMI <18.2) | 0.71 (0.52–0.95) | 0.022 | 0.93 (0.69–1.24) | 0.600 |
| Normal (BMI 18.2–25) | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Overweight (BMI >25) | 1.22 (1.10–1.35) | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.02–1.28) | 0.016 |
| HSV-2 seropositivity | 1.15 (1.02–1.29) | 0.023 | -- | -- |
| Marital status (MCW/SO) | 1.25 (1.03–1.52) | 0.024 | -- | -- |
| SES (poorest vs less poor) | 1.16 (0.64–2.11) | 0.6307 | -- | -- |
| Drinking (self-report) | 2.21 (1.54–3.18) | <0.001 | -- | -- |
| Work (last 7 days) | 1.36 (1.21–1.54) | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.02–1.29) | 0.020 |
| Received money from parents | 0.58 (0.50–0.67) | <0.001 | -- | -- |
| Received money from boyfriend/partner | 3.33 (3.05–3.63) | <0.001 | 1.59 (1.42–1.80) | <0.001 |
| Received money from working | 1.62 (1.45–1.82) | <0.001 | 1.20 (1.07–1.34) | 0.002 |
| Touched indecently | 3.67 (3.33–4.04) | <0.001 | 2.52 (2.26–2.81) | <0.001 |
| Harassed for sex at school | 2.16 (1.93–2.42) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.09–1.38) | 0.001 |
| Harassed for sex out of school | 2.42 (2.14–2.74) | <0.001 | 1.77 (1.57–2.00) | <0.001 |
| Not happy at home | 1.67 (1.47–1.90) | <0.001 | -- | -- |
| Not happy at school | 1.43 (1.16–1.77) | 0.001 | -- | -- |
| Overall wellbeing0 | -- | -- | ||
| Low well-being | 2.30 (1.35–3.93) | 0.002 | ||
| Moderately–low well-being | 1.98 (1.69–2.33) | <0.001 | ||
| Moderate well-being | 1.50 (1.35–1.67) | <0.001 | ||
| High well-being | ref | ref | ||
| Engaged in sex for things or favors | 1.89 (1.53–2.33) | <0.001 | -- | -- |
| Used sanitary pads to manage entire period | 0.85 (0.77–0.94) | 0.001 | -- | -- |
| Did something to get pads | 1.85 (1.64–2.09) | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.01–1.27) | 0.032 |
| Period stopped activities | 1.58 (1.43–1.74) | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.04–1.25) | 0.004 |
| Period severity | -- | -- | ||
| Heavy | 1.34 (1.19–1.51) | <0.001 | ||
| Normal | ref | ref | ||
| Light | 0.91 (0.73–1.14) | 0.402 | ||
| Period duration | -- | -- | ||
| <3 days | 0.97 (0.69–1.37) | 0.857 | ||
| 3–5 days | ref | ref | ||
| >5 days | 1.19 (1.07–1.33) | 0.002 | ||
| Missed school due to period ever (all reasons) | 1.65 (1.46–1.86) | <0.001 | -- | -- |
| Missed school due to period–most recent period (all reasons) | 1.32 (1.03–1.69) | 0.026 | -- | -- |
aRR, adjusted risk ratio; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HSV-2, herpes simplex virus type 2; MCW, married, cohabitating, widowed; PedsQL, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory; RR, risk ratio; SES, socioeconomic status; SO, single, other.
Result considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.
*aRRs are adjusted for age, BMI, working in the last 7 days, receiving money from work, receiving money from a partner, being touched indecently, harassment for sex in school, harassment for sex out of school, reporting that they needed to do things to acquire pads, and reporting their menstrual period stopped them from completing daily tasks.
0Overall well-being was measured through the 23-item PedsQL.