Table 2. Maternal outcomes for mothers with singleton live births, by treatment group1.
| Outcome | Intervention n = 687 | Standard of Care n = 657 | P | Mean Difference (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weeks enrolled2 | 15.4 (Q1:10, Q3:21) | 14.9 (Q1:9.3, Q3:20) | 0.183 | 0.5(−0.29 to 1.43) |
| MUAC at final antenatal visit, cm | 22.8 ± 1.0 | 22.6 ± 1.2 | 0.005 | 0.17(0.05 to 0.28) |
| Change in MUAC, cm | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 0.4 ± 0.9 | 0.015 | 0.11(0.02 to 0.20) |
| Weight at final antenatal visit, kg | 53.68 ± 5.11 | 52.56 ± 5.08 | <0.001 | 1.12(0.57 to 1.66) |
| Total weight gain, kg3 | 5.36 ± 3.75 | 4.69 ± 3.67 | 0.001 | 0.67(0.27 to 1.06) |
| Average weekly weight gain, g3 | 379 ± 222 | 339 ± 333 | 0.010 | 40(10 to 71) |
| Weight gain <454 g/week3 | 457(68.7) | 477(75.0) | 0.014 | 6.3%(1.3 to 11.3) |
| Final fundal height4, cm | 36.1 ± 2.6 | 35.6 ± 2.9 | 0.007 | 0.4(0.1 to 0.7) |
| Final fundal height <37 cm5 | 528(77.3) | 574(87.7) | <0.001 | 10.5%(6.3 to 14.6) |
| Final fundal height <28 cm4 | 11(1.6) | 16(2.4) | 0.277 | 0.8%(−0.9 to 2.5) |
| Final fundal height 28 to 32 cm4 | 62(9.1) | 85(13.0) | 0.022 | 3.9%(0.4 to 7.4) |
| Final fundal height 32 to 37 cm4 | 455(66.6) | 473(72.3) | 0.024 | 5.7%(0.7 to 10.8) |
| MUAC at delivery6, cm | 22.5 ± 1.0 | 22.3 ± 1.2 | <0.001 | 0.2(0.1 to 0.4) |
| Recovered from undernutrition6 | 198(29.9) | 142(22.7) | 0.004 | 7.2%(2.3 to 12.0) |
MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference.
1Values expressed as mean ± SD or n (%); p-values calculated using independent t test (continuous measures), Fisher exact test, or chi-squared test (categorical measures). For outcomes reported as numbers and percentages of participants, the difference is given as the percentage–point difference between groups.
2Values expressed as median (quartiles); p-value calculated using Mann–Whitney U test.
3Initial weight unavailable in Intervention n = 1. Only 1 study visit Intervention n = 21, Standard n = 21.
4Final fundal height not available for Intervention n = 4 and Standard n = 3.
5Fundal height was used as a crude marker for gestational age. Birth <28 weeks is considered extremely preterm, 28 to 32 weeks is very preterm, and 32 to 37 weeks is late preterm.
6MUAC a delivery not available for Intervention n = 24 and Standard n = 31.