Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the full recruited cohort by intervention arm*.
| Arm 1 (n = 297) | Arm 2 (n = 298) | Arm 3 (n = 298) | Arm 4 (n = 295) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention assignment | ||||
| Antimicrobial arm | Placebo | Active | Placebo | Active |
| Nicotinamide arm | Placebo | Placebo | Active | Active |
| Sociodemographics | ||||
| Female sex | 140 (47.1%) | 144 (48.3%) | 145 (48.7%) | 148 (50.2%) |
| Hospital birth | 167 (56.2%) | 162 (54.4%) | 145 (48.7%) | 146 (49.5%) |
| Maternal age | 27.71 ± 7.11 | 27.67 ± 6.64 | 27.68 ± 6.07 | 27.39 ± 6.52 |
| Maternal height (cm) | 157.7 ± 5.36 | 157.21 ± 5.32 | 157.41 ± 5.55 | 156.97 ± 5.8 |
| Mother with ≥7 years of education | 236 (79.5%) | 213 (71.5%) | 218 (73.2%) | 215 (72.9%) |
| Monthly income (/1,000TSH) | 50.5 ± 65.2 | 49.2 ± 47.7 | 48.3 ± 47.6 | 47.6 ± 43.2 |
| Risk factors | ||||
| Access to an improved drinking water source | 192 (64.6%) | 197 (66.1%) | 199 (66.8%) | 189 (64.1%) |
| Drinking water >10 minutes from home | 242 (81.5%) | 239 (80.2%) | 243 (81.5%) | 230 (78%) |
| Access to an improved latrine | 40 (13.5%) | 26 (8.7%) | 28 (9.4%) | 34 (11.5%) |
| Crowding (>2 persons per room) | ||||
| Agricultural land ownership | 282 (94.9%) | 287 (96.3%) | 287 (96.3%) | 283 (95.9%) |
| WAMI index score (median, IQR)** | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.1) |
| Anthropometry | ||||
| Enrollment length in cm (SD) z-score (SD) |
49.22 (2.05)–0.73 (0.98) | 48.82 (2.12)–0.90 (1.05) | 49.1 (2.06)–0.77 (1.05) | 49.06 (2.08)–0.78 (0.97) |
| Enrollment weight in kg (SD) z-score (SD) |
3.14 (0.48)–0.59 (0.97) | 3.12 (0.45)–0.60 (0.91) | 3.12 (0.47)–0.62 (1.01) | 3.13 (0.51)–0.61 (1.03) |
| Enrollment head circumference in cm (SD) z-score (SD) |
34.71 (1.35)–0.06 (1.02) | 34.58 (1.35)–0.13 (1.03) | 34.82 (1.36)–0.07 (0.99) | 34.76 (1.31)–0.01 (0.99) |
* Mean ± SD is shown for continuous variables and number (percentage) for dichotomous variables unless otherwise stated.
** See reference [20].
IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; TSH, Tanzania shillings; WAMI, water and sanitation, assets, maternal education, and household income.