Table 2. The 18-month anthropometry outcomes from unadjusted and adjusted analyses for the modified intention-to-treat analysis*.
| Nicotinamide | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Placebo | Active | Difference in z-scores, unadjusted (CI) | p-value | Difference in z-scores, adjusted | p-value |
| Length, z-score (SD) measurement in cm (SD) (n = 1,084) |
−2.04 (0.95) 75.9 (2.79) | −2.06 (1.04) 76.0 (2.94) | 0.02 (−0.15, 0.09) | 0.66 | 0.04 (−0.06, 0.14) | 0.45 |
| Weight, z-score (SD) measurement in kg (SD) (n = 1,080) |
−0.94 (0.94) 9.60 (1.10) | −0.94 (0.99) 9.60 (1.10) | 0.00 (−0.11, 0.116) | 0.98 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.11) | 0.88 |
| Head circumference, z-score (SD) measurement in cm (SD) (n = 1,083) |
−0.31 (0.98) 46.4 (1.44) | −0.20 (0.96) 46.6 (1.40) | 0.11 (−0.218, 0.013) | 0.08 | 0.05 (−0.05, 0.15) | 0.31 |
| MUAC, z-score (SD) measurement in cm (SD) (n = 1,078) |
0.17 (0.89) 14.9 (1.07) | 0.15 (0.94) 14.9 (1.13) | −0.02 (−0.09, 0.13) | 0.69 | −0.02 (−0.13, 0.09) | 0.73 |
| Antimicrobial | ||||||
| Variable | Placebo | Active | Difference in z-scores, unadjusted | p-value | Difference in z-scores, adjusted | p-value |
| Length, z-score (SD) measurement in cm (SD) (n = 1,084) |
−2.05 (1.01) 76.0 (2.89) | −2.05 (0.99) 75.9 (2.83) | 0.00 (−0.13, 0.11) | 0.91 | 0.07 (−0.03, 0.17) | 0.18 |
| Weight, z-score (SD) measurement in cm (SD) (n = 1,080) |
−0.93 (0.95) 9.61 (1.08) | −0.94 (0.99) 9.59 (1.09) | 0.01 (−0.11, 0.13) | 0.86 | 0.01 (−0.09, 0.12) | 0.84 |
| Head circumference, z-score (SD) measurement in cm (SD) (n = 1,083) |
−0.23 (0.98) 46.5 (1.47) | −0.28 (0.96) 46.5 (1.38) | 0.05 (−0.08, 0.16) | 0.49 | 0.02 (−0.08, 0.12) | 0.70 |
| MUAC, z-score (SD) measurement in cm (SD) (n = 1,078) |
0.14 (0.91 14.9 (1.09) | 0.19 (0.93) 14.9 (1.11) | 0.05 (−0.16, 0.06) | 0.37 | 0.07 (−0.04, 0.18) | 0.20 |
* Adjustments based on baseline measures and these individual covariates being associated with final outcome: LAZ: baseline LAZ, age in days at 18-month measurement, ward, hospital birth, birth month, years of maternal education, SES quartile category, sex, whether the mother was a member of the Datoga tribe, and mother’s height; WAZ: baseline WAZ, age in days at 18-month measurement, firstborn, ward, hospital birth, birth month, years of maternal education, SES quartile category, sex, whether mother was a member of the Datoga tribe, and mother’s height and weight; HCZ: baseline HCZ, ward, hospital birth, birth month, SES quartile category, and mother’s height, weight, and age; and MUAC-Z: baseline WAZ (baseline MUAC not available for most participants), age at 18-month measurement, firstborn, ward, hospital birth, birth month, years of maternal education, SES quartile category, sex, and mother’s height and weight.
CI, confidence interval; HCZ, head circumference-for-age z-score; LAZ, length-for-age z-score; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; SES, socioeconomic status; SD, standard deviation; WAZ, weight-for-age z-score.