Table 3.
Summary of scores included in the study and comparison to previously published data
| Score name | Data from previously published studies | Current study | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size for validation | Outcome | AUROC [95% CI] | Outcome used for comparison | AUROC [95% CI] | ||
| 4C Mortality Score [12] | 22,361 | Death (in-hospital) | 0.767 [0.760–0.773] | Death (in-hospital) | 0.785 [0.775–0.795] | 0.003 |
| ABC-GOALSc [13]a | 240 | ICU admission | 0.770 [0.710–0.830] | ICU admission | 0.628 [0.616–0.640] | < 0.001 |
| ABCS [14] | 188 | Death (30 days) | 0.838 [0.777–0.899] | Death (in-hospital, 30 days) | 0.790 [0.780–0.801] | 0.128 |
| A-DROP [12]a | 15,572 | Death (in-hospital) | 0.736 [0.728–0.744] | Death (in-hospital) | 0.730 [0.718–0.741] | 0.415 |
| ANDC [15] | 125 | Death | 0.975 [0.947–1.000] | Death (in-hospital, 30 days) | 0.751 [0.741–0.761] | < 0.001 |
| Bennouar et al. [16] | 247 | Death (28 days) | 0.900 [0.870–0.940] | Death (in-hospital, 28 days) | 0.724 [0.713–0.736] | < 0.001 |
| CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc [17] | 864 | Death | 0.690 [0.650–0.730] | Death (in-hospital) | 0.687 [0.677–0.697] | 0.887 |
| COPS [18]a | 1865 | Death (28 days) | 0.896 [0.872–0.911] | Death (in-hospital, 28 days) | 0.745 [0.734–0.756] | < 0.001 |
| CORONATION-TR [19]a | 37,377 | Death (30 days) | 0.896 [0.890–0.902] | Death (in-hospital, 30 days) | 0.769 [0.757–0.780] | < 0.001 |
| COVID-19 SEIMC [20]a | 2126 | Death (in-hospital, 30 days) | 0.831 [0.806–0.856] | Death (in-hospital, 30 days) | 0.752 [0.743–0.762] | < 0.001 |
| COVID-AID [21]a | 265 | Death (7 days) | 0.851 [0.781–0.921] | Death (in-hospital, 7 days) | 0.775 [0.762–0.788] | 0.036 |
| COVID-GRAM [22]a | 710 | Composite: death, ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation | 0.880 [0.840–0.930] | Composite: death (in-hospital), ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation | 0.700 [0.690–0.711] | < 0.001 |
| COVID-NoLab [23] | 537 | Death (in-hospital) | 0.803 [Unknown] | Death (in-hospital) | 0.693 [0.683–0.704] | NA |
| COVID-SimpleLab [23] | 295 | Death (in-hospital) | 0.833 [Unknown] | Death (in-hospital) | 0.707 [0.696–0.718] | NA |
| CURB-65 [12] | 15,560 | Death (in-hospital) | 0.720 [0.713–0.728] | Death (in-hospital) | 0.724 [0.711–0.736] | 0.595 |
| Hachim et al. [24] | 289 | ICU admission | Unknown [Unknown] | ICU admission | 0.514 [0.503–0.526] | NA |
| Hu et al. [25] | 64 | Death | 0.881 [Unknown] | Death (in-hospital) | 0.724 [0.713–0.735] | NA |
| KPI Score [26] | 309 | Composite: death (in-hospital), ICU, invasive mechanical ventilation, NIV, oxygen, steroids, IVIg, ECMO, CRRT, dyspnea, X-ray consolidation | 0.888 [0.854–0.922] | Composite: death (in-hospital), ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation | 0.597 [0.588–0.606] | < 0.001 |
| LOW-HARM Score [27]a | 400 | Death (in-hospital) | 0.960 [0.940–0.980] | Death (in-hospital) | 0.603 [0.588–0.618] | < 0.001 |
| Mei et al. (Full) [28]a | 276 | Death (60 days) | 0.970 [0.960–0.980] | Death (in-hospital, 60 days) | 0.730 [0.719–0.741] | < 0.001 |
| Mei et al. (Simple) [28] | 276 | Death (60 days) | 0.880 [0.800–0.960] | Death (in-hospital, 60 days) | 0.717 [0.706–0.729] | < 0.001 |
| NEWS2 [29]a | 66 | Composite: death or ICU admission | 0.822 [0.690–0.953] | Composite: death (in-hospital), ICU admission | 0.639 [0.626–0.651] | 0.006 |
| PLANS [30] | 1031 | Death (in-hospital) | 0.870 [0.850–0.890] | Death (in-hospital) | 0.739 [0.729–0.750] | < 0.001 |
| PREDI-CO [31] | 526 | Composite: invasive mechanical ventilation, NIV, oxygen saturation < 93% with FiO2 = 1 | 0.850 [0.810–0.880] | ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation | 0.646 [0.635–0.657] | < 0.001 |
| PRESEP [32] | 557 | Death (60 days) | 0.607 [0.555–0.652] | Death (in-hospital, 60 days) | 0.586 [0.571–0.600] | 0.447 |
| qSOFA [12] | 19,361 | Death (in-hospital) | 0.622 [0.615–0.630] | Death (in-hospital) | 0.583 [0.566–0.601] | < 0.001 |
| RISE UP [33] | 642 | Death (30 days) | 0.770 [0.680–0.760] | Death (in-hospital, 30 days) | 0.770 [0.759–0.782] | 1.000 |
| SIMI [34] | 275 | Composite: death, NIV, invasive mechanical ventilation | 0.800 [Unknown] | Composite: death (in-hospital), ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation | 0.664 [0.655–0.674] | NA |
| SIRS [35] | 175 | Death (in-hospital) | 0.700 [0.610–0.800] | Death (in-hospital) | 0.538 [0.526–0.551] | < 0.001 |
| STSS [36] | 100 | Death (30 days) | 0.962 [0.903–0.990] | Death (in-hospital, 30 days) | 0.697 [0.683–0.712] | < 0.001 |
| Wang et al. (clinical) [37] | 44 | Death | 0.830 [0.680–0.930] | Death (in-hospital) | 0.729 [0.720–0.738] | 0.188 |
| Wang et al. (laboratory) [37] | 44 | Death | 0.880 [0.750–0.960] | Death (in-hospital) | 0.628 [0.616–0.640] | < 0.001 |
aAlterations were used to compute these scores. Previously published values used are those from the validation cohorts of the initial studies (external if available, otherwise internal). Z-test was used to compare previously published values and values in our cohort
AUROC area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, CI confidence interval, IVIg intravenous immunoglobulins, NIV non-invasive ventilation, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation