Table 4.

Timing of neural and biological assessments during the experimental session.

Assessments	Time Point
NeuralStructure and Function	45 min Scan Time
Strctural MRI Scans	✓
10-min Social Evaluation Task	✓
9-min Social Go/No-Go Task	✓
Blood Drawsfor Immunologic and Genomic Analysis	−55 min	+35 ​min	+65 min
3 ​mL, EDTA Vacutainer Tube (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6)	✓	✓	✓
2.5 ​mL, PAXgene Blood RNA Tube (e.g., gene expression)	✓	✓	✓
8.5 ​mL, PAXgene Blood DNA Tube (e.g., telomere length)	✓
8 ​mL, BD Vacutainer CPT Tube (e.g., cellular analysis)	✓
Gut Microbiome	Post-Visit
Stool Sample	✓

Note. Blood draws took place approximately 55 ​minutes before the start of the Social Evaluation Task (i.e., 30 ​minutes prior to the 45-minute scan time), and 35 and 65 ​minutes after the start of the task (i.e., 15 and 45 ​minutes, respectively, after the end of scanning). The Social Evaluation Task began approximately 25 ​minutes into the 45-minute scan time, which consisted of safety procedures (e.g., metal detection, measurement of weight), an explanation of the two fMRI tasks, setting-up the participant in the scanner, structural scans, the 10-minute Social Evaluation Task, the 9-minute Social Go/No-Go Task, and the removal of the participant from the scanner. The Social Evaluation task was introduced at approximately minute 5 of the scan session and was begun at around minute 25.