Table 1.
Characteristics of DR nondevelopment group and DR development group.
| Characteristics | Non-DR development (n = 300) | DR development (n = 30) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 58.33 ± 10.64 | 61.30 ± 9.31 | †0.142 |
| Sex (female) | 155 (51.7%) | 12 (40.0%) | ‡0.223 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 6.00, 9.00 | 9.50, 8.00 | §0.009∗∗ |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.62 ± 3.63 | 25.72 ± 3.55 | †0.889 |
| HBP | 123 (41.0%) | 13 (43.3%) | ‡0.804 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 127.81 ± 17.28 | 130.03 ± 18.97 | †0.505 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.03 ± 11.96 | 75.9 ± 11.08 | †0.953 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.23 ± 1.55 | 8.38 ± 2.26 | †0.010∗ |
| Albuminuria (+~+++) | 11 (3.7%) | 5 (16.7%) | ‡0.002∗∗ |
| Scr (mg/dL) | 84.89 ± 23.84 | 103.49 ± 43.64 | †0.028∗ |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 79.11 ± 21.27 | 71.82 ± 29.60 | †0.197 |
| TP (g/L) | 70.74 ± 6.08 | 70.3 ± 8.88 | †0.794 |
| ALB (g/L) | 44.29 ± 4.17 | 42.8 ± 5.47 | †0.071 |
| HGB (g/dL) | 134.12 ± 15.51 | 137.57 ± 19.7 | †0.259 |
| HCT (%) | 39.05 ± 4.23 | 39.58 ± 5.75 | †0.523 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 6.89, 2.55 | 7.81, 5.82 | §0.023∗ |
| TC (mg/dL) | 4.27 ± 0.89 | 4.05 ± 1.01 | †0.204 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 2.50 ± 0.75 | 2.34 ± 0.74 | †0.260 |
| TRIG (mg/dL) | 1.31, 1.00 | 1.89, 1.32 | §0.011∗ |
| Oral hypoglycemic | 265 (88.3%) | 28 (93.3%) | ‡0.408 |
| Insulin (unit) | 15.00, 27.00 | 16.50, 20.00 | §0.743 |
| Antihypertension | 94 (31.3%) | 10 (33.3%) | ‡0.822 |
| Lipid-lowering | 224 (74.7%) | 21 (70.0%) | ‡0.577 |
Results are expressed as mean ± SD, percentages, or as medians, IQR; P values were compared by independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test or χ2 test as appropriate. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01.†Values for comparisons between groups by independent samples t-test. ‡Values for comparisons between groups by χ2 test. §Values for comparisons between groups by Mann-Whitney U test. DR: diabetic retinopathy; BMI: body mass index; HBP: hypertension; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; Scr: serum creatinine; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; TP: total protein; ALB: serum albumin; HGB: hemoglobin; HCT: hematocrit; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; TC: total cholesterol; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; TRIG: triglyceride.