Examples of bronchial inflammation on baseline PET-CT scan
(A) Inflammation from right S2 segment cavity flows down bronchus, which is better seen on CT alone (black and white image), into the right main bronchus and trachea. (B) Inflammation from left upper lobe cavities flows down into the left main bronchus. Although inflammation is not visualised crossing the carina, there is a direct bronchial connection to right S2 and S3 segment lesions. (C) Right lower lobe S7 segment consolidation with inflammation travelling up the right main bronchus and trachea to the pharynx (inset image shows the the trachea to pharynx; black and white image is CT alone). (D) Right and left S3 segment cavities with bronchial inflammation connecting the two across the carina, spreading inferiorly to the left S6 segment. Figures A–C are from the PredictTB study. Figure D is from a patient in a different study (NexGen EBA: Radiologic and Immunologic Biomarkers of Sterilizing Drug Activity in Tuberculosis, NCT02371681).