Table 2.
ORs (95%CI) for the presence of DR with individual PUFAs.
| PUFAs | Crude a | Adjusted b | Adjusted c |
| ω-6 family | |||
| Linoleic acid, LA§ | 0·43(0·29,0·64) | 0·42(0·27,0·64) | 0·45(0·30,0·70) |
| γ-Linolenic acid, GLA¶ | 0·78(0·56,1·10) | 0·80(0·56,1·15) | 0·84(0·58,1·22) |
| Eicosadienoic acid, EDA¶ | 1·08(0·79,1·50) | 1·06(0·76,1·49) | 1·03(0·72,1·47) |
| Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, DGLA¶ | 0·76(0·51,1·13) | 0·68(0·44,1·05) | 0·68(0·43,1·05) |
| Arachidonic acid, AA¶ | 1·26(0·90,1·78) | 1·20(0·84,1·71) | 1·15(0·80,1·65) |
| Total ω-6 PUFAs§ | 0·47(0·32,0·70) | 0·46(0·31,0·69) | 0·50(0·33,0·75) |
| ω-3 family | |||
| α-Linolenic acid, ALA¶ | 0·78(0·52,1·17) | 0·81(0·53,1·25) | 0·87(0·56,1·35) |
| Stearidonic acid, SDA¶ | 6·26(3·19,12·26) | 6·41(3·14,13·06) | 5·97(2·91,12·25) |
| Eicosatetraenoic acid, ETA¶ | 7·48(3·58,15·65) | 7·34(3·41,15·84) | 6·82(3·16,14·70) |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA¶ | 1·29(0·88,1·89) | 1·16(0·80,1·69) | 1·12(0·76,1·64) |
| Docosahexaenoic acid, DHA¶ | 0·89(0·59,1·36) | 0·73(0·45,1·18) | 0·69(0·43,1·12) |
| Total ω-3 PUFAs¶ | 6·57(3·19,13·56) | 5·80(2·73,12·32) | 5·34(2·48,11·52) |
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; DR: type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy; PUFAs: serum polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Total ω-6 PUFAs: the sum of LA, GLA, EDA, DGLA, and AA; Total ω-3 PUFAs: the sum of ALA, SDA, ETA, EPA, and DHA.
§
per SD increase of PUFAs.
¶
per IQR increase of PUFAs.
a
Unadjusted for potential confounders.
b
Adjusted for diabetes duration, ever insulin therapy.
c
Adjusted for diabetes duration, ever insulin therapy, and systolic blood pressure.