Table 2.
Associations with time to clinical stability in CAP patients at admission.
| Univariable | Multivariable | |||
| Predictor | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | p-value |
| Age, y | 1•00 (0•99–1•02) | 0•616 | 1•00 (0•98–1•02) | 0•955 |
| Male sex | 0•92 (0•56–1•52) | 0•740 | 0•83 (0•48–1•44) | 0•503 |
| Caucasian ethnicity | 0•70 (0•39–1•27) | 0•24 | 0•67 (0.35–1.28) | 0•225 |
| Prior antibiotic usea | 0•79 (0•39–1•60) | 0•509 | 1•01 (0•47–2•18) | 0•975 |
| COPD | 1•22 (0•70–2•12) | 0•488 | 1•93 (0•92–4•03) | 0•082 |
| Immunosuppressedb | 1•28 (0•74–2•21) | 0•385 | 2•05 (1•03–4•05) | 0•040 |
| Severity of disease (PSI) | 0•90 (0•71–1•13) | 0•351 | 0•81 (0•63–1•06) | 0•12 |
| Microbiota features | ||||
| Factor 1, high group | 0•43 (0•20–0•93) | 0•032 | 0•24 (0•09–0•66) | 0•0055 |
| Shannon diversity index, high groupc | 0•67 (0•40–1•11) | 0•118 | •• | •• |
Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess potential predictors of time to clinical stability.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PSI, Pneumonia severity index.
a
Exposure to oral or systemic antibiotics between 90 days and 48 h prior to admission. b Immunosuppressive disease was defined as clinically suspected or proven immunodeficiency, the use of immunosuppressive therapy or immunomodulating medication in the past 3 months, including chemotherapy, or the use of more than 10 mg prednisone or equivalent each day for the past 3 months. c Group with a Shannon diversity index > 3•70.