Table 1.

Examples of competing events in orthopedics

Condition	Outcome(s) of interest and comparison groups	Competing event
TJA	Complication, revision	Death
TJA	Cancer mortality	Death from other causes
TJA	Revision in patients with osteoarthritis versus tumors	Death
Hip fracture	Revision risk in hemiarthroplasty versus THA	Death
Conversion hemiarthroplasty	Complication, revision	Death
TJA	Hospital-acquired infection	Discharge or death without an infection
TJA	Cause-specific revisions	Revisions for instability and aseptic loosening
Hip fracture	Inpatient mortality	Discharge alive is a non-fatal competing event
Lower limb amputation	Cardiac mortality	Death from other causes
Lower limb amputation	Reamputation	Revascularization is a non-fatal competing event