Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the total analysis sample and by treatment assignment (n = 373).
| By treatment assignment | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Total analysis sample (n = 373) |
BUP-NX (n = 208) |
XR-NTX (n = 165) |
Difference between groups |
|||
| Measurea | N | % or M (SD) | N | % or M (SD) | N | % or M (SD) | p-Value |
| Gender (% male) | 259 | 69.4% | 148 | 71.2% | 111 | 67.3% | 0.419 |
| Age (years) | 373 | 32.9 (9.2) | 208 | 32.9 (9.3) | 165 | 32.9 (9.1) | 0.998 |
| Race | 0.652 | ||||||
| White only | 292 | 78.3% | 164 | 78.8% | 128 | 77.6% | |
| Black only | 33 | 8.8% | 16 | 7.7% | 17 | 10.3% | |
| Other | 48 | 12.9% | 28 | 13.5% | 20 | 12.1% | |
| Hispanic ethnicity (% Hispanic) | 58 | 15.5% | 38 | 18.3% | 20 | 12.1% | 0.104 |
| Marital status (% never married) | 250 | 67.0% | 142 | 68.3% | 108 | 65.5% | 0.843 |
| Unemployment (% not employed) | 239 | 64.1% | 139 | 66.8% | 100 | 60.6% | 0.214 |
| IV use (% yes) | 253 | 67.8% | 144 | 69.2% | 109 | 66.1% | 0.515 |
| Primary opioid | 0.867 | ||||||
| Buprenorphine | 3 | 0.8% | 1 | 0.5% | 2 | 1.2% | |
| Opioid analgesics | 61 | 16.4% | 33 | 15.9% | 28 | 17.1% | |
| Methadone | 7 | 1.9% | 4 | 1.9% | 3 | 1.8% | |
| Heroin | 300 | 80.9% | 169 | 81.6% | 131 | 79.9% | |
| Primary opioid cost (dollars/day) | 371 | 92.8 (73.2) | 207 | 96.4 (78.1) | 164 | 88.3 (66.4) | 0.289 |
| Age at onset (years) | 373 | 20.4 (6.6) | 208 | 20.6 (7.1) | 165 | 20.2 (5.9) | 0.553 |
| Duration of opioid use (years) | 373 | 12.5 (8.8) | 208 | 12.3 (8.8) | 165 | 12.7 (8.8) | 0.658 |
| First treatment episode (% yes) | 147 | 39.4% | 80 | 38.5% | 67 | 40.6% | 0.674 |
| Stimulant use (30d prior to adm) (% yes) | 208 | 55.8% | 123 | 59.1% | 85 | 51.5% | 0.141 |
| Sedative use (30d prior to adm) (% yes) | 109 | 29.2% | 68 | 32.7% | 41 | 24.8% | 0.098 |
| Heavy alcohol use (30d prior to adm) (% yes) | 101 | 27.1% | 53 | 25.5% | 48 | 29.1% | 0.436 |
| Cannabis use (30d prior to adm) (% yes) | 175 | 46.9% | 105 | 50.5% | 70 | 42.4% | 0.122 |
| Cigarettes per day | 373 | 15.3 (7.3) | 208 | 16.1 (7.8) | 165 | 14.2 (6.5) | 0.015 |
| Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence | 0.532 | ||||||
| Low (0–2) | 63 | 17.1% | 32 | 15.6% | 31 | 18.9% | |
| Moderate (3–5) | 172 | 46.6% | 94 | 45.9% | 78 | 47.6% | |
| High (6+) | 134 | 36.3% | 79 | 38.5% | 55 | 33.5% | |
| HAM-D score (possible range: 0–52) | 372 | 8.8 (6.8) | 207 | 9.2 (6.9) | 165 | 8.3 (6.5) | 0.185 |
| Any psychiatric disorders (% yes) | 252 | 67.6% | 141 | 67.8% | 111 | 67.3% | 0.916 |
| SOWS (possible range: 0–64) | 373 | 15.4 (13.2) | 208 | 15.1 (12.6) | 165 | 15.7 (13.8) | 0.687 |
| Severity | 0.676 | ||||||
| Low | 208 | 55.8% | 114 | 54.8% | 94 | 57.0% | |
| High | 165 | 44.2% | 94 | 45.2% | 71 | 43.0% | |
a
30d = 30 days.