Table 4:
Prenatal and neonatal attributes of study participants and their mothers. Data are column percentages with number of participants in parenthesis.
| Ultrasound findings % (Ns) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neither IVH nor WMD | Isolated IVH | Isolated WMD | IVH and WMD | |
| Female | 51 (328) | 44 (54) | 57 (17) | 33 (21) |
| Non-white race | 36 (231) | 29 (36) | 40 (12) | 44 (28) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 10 (65) | 6 (7) | 17 (5) | 11 (7) |
| Gestational age (weeks) | ||||
| 23–24 | 18 (113) | 27 (34) | 17 (5) | 46 (29) |
| 25–26 | 45 (290) | 51 (63) | 47 (14) | 37 (23) |
| 27 | 37 (238) | 22 (27) | 37 (11) | 17 (11) |
| Birthweight z-score | ||||
| ≤ −2 | 7 (46) | 2 (3) | 3 (2) | |
| < −1 | 15 (93) | 15 (18) | 13 (4) | 6 (4) |
| ≥ −1 | 78 (502) | 83 (103) | 83 (25) | 90 (57) |
| Multiple gestation | 33 (213) | 35 (43) | 27 (8) | 33 (21) |
| Medicaid eligible | 34 (216) | 31 (39) | 46 (13) | 35 (22) |
| Maternal education (years) | ||||
| ≤ 12 | 41 (256) | 38 (47) | 42 (11) | 39 (24) |
| >12, < 16 | 23 (140) | 22 (27) | 38 (10) | 31 (19) |
| ≥ 16 | 36 (226) | 40 (50) | 19 (5) | 30 (18) |
| Receipt of antenatal steroids | 89 (566) | 93 (112) | 87 (26) | 89 (55) |
| Cesarean delivery | 58 (72) | 50 (15) | 59 (37) | |
| Indication for preterm delivery | ||||
| 44 (280) | 48 (59) | 60 (18) | 60 (38) | |
| pPROM | 22 (141) | 22 (27) | 17 (5) | 21 (13) |
| Preeclampsia | 15 (97) | 8 (10) | 3 (1) | 5 (3) |
| Abruption | 11 (68) | 15 (18) | 3 (1) | 2 (1) |
| Cervical insufficiency | 4 (28) | 6 (8) | 7 (2) | 10 (6) |
| Fetal indication | 4 (27) | 2 (2) | 10 (3) | 3 (2) |
| Late onset sepsis | 24 (152) | 29 (36) | 23 (7) | 38 (24) |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 7 (47) | 9 (11) | 17 (5) | 25 (16) |
| Severe retinopathy of prematurity | 12 (75) | 16 (20) | 17 (5) | 25 (16) |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | 50 (327) | 50 (61) | 53 (16) | 73 (46) |
| Maximum Column Total | 641 | 124 | 30 | 63 |
Abbreviations: IVH- intraventricular hemorrhage; pPROM- preterm premature rupture of membranes; WMD- white matter damage defined as cerebral echolucency or late moderate to severe ventriculomegaly