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. 2021 Aug 19;56(10):914–927. doi: 10.1007/s00535-021-01814-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — RNA sequencing of LCN2 mRNA in colonic mucosa of collagenous colitis. a LCN2 mRNA expression in pinch biopsies from colonic mucosa of active collagenous colitis (aCC), budesonide-treated collagenous colitis with clinical remission (tCC), budesonide-refractory collagenous colitis (rCC) and healthy controls (HC). Active ulcerative colitis (aUC) was included for comparison (separated by dotted line). The y-axis shows LCN2 mRNA expression as log2 of normalized counts and the violin plots visualize distribution frequency in addition to individual values (dots), median (thick line), upper and lower quartiles (thin lines). b Paired analysis of LCN2 mRNA expression in colonic mucosa of individual patients with active collagenous colitis before (aCC) and during budesonide treatment with clinical remission (tCC). The y-axis shows LCN2 mRNA expression as log 2 of normalized counts in paired biopsies from nine individual patients. P adj = adjusted P value, ns = non-significant, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 Analysed as described in “Materials and methods”