Table 5:

Associations of select nutrient intake changes from visit 1 (childhood) to visit 2 (adolescence) with log-transformed hepatic fat at visit 2 in the sample of multi-ethnic youth stratified by PNPLA3 rs738409 risk allele (n=308)

		Model 1a		Model 2b
△ Nutrient Intake (%TEI or g/1000 kcal)	# Risk Alleles	β (95% CI)c	p-value	β (95% CI)c	p-value
Total Fiber	0	−0.05 (−0.16, 0.07)	0.41	−0.04 (−0.15, 0.06)	0.41
	1	−0.20 (−0.32, 0.08)	0.01	−0.18 (−0.29, −0.07)	0.002
	2	−0.36 (−0.56, −0.15)	<0.001	−0.31 (−0.50, −0.13)	0.001
Soluble Fiber	0	−0.04 (−0.41, 0.33)	0.83	−0.04 (−0.37, 0.30)	0.84
	1	−0.47 (−0.83, −0.11)	0.01	−0.40 (−0.73, −0.07)	0.02
	2	−0.90 (−1.48, −0.31)	0.003	−0.77 (−1.31, −0.23)	0.005
Insoluble Fiber	0	−0.08 (−0.24, 0.08)	0.32	−0.08 (−0.22, 0.07)	0.32
	1	−0.32 (−0.49, −0.14)	<0.001	−0.28 (−0.44, −0.12)	<0.001
	2	−0.55 (−0.85, −0.25)	<0.001	−0.49 (−0.76, −0.21)	<0.001
Vegetable Protein	0	−0.09 (−0.35, 0.17)	0.50	−0.06 (−0.30, 0.17)	0.50
	1	−0.49 (−0.72, −0.26)	<0.001	−0.50 (−0.71, −0.29)	<0.001
	2	−0.90 (−1.45, −0.45)	<0.001	−0.93 (−1.34, −0.52)	<0.001
Saturated Fat	0	−0.00 (−0.14, 0.14)	0.97	−0.01 (−0.14, 0.12)	0.93
	1	0.14 (0.01, 0.27)	0.04	0.10 (−0.02, 0.22)	0.11
	2	0.39 (0.04, 0.53)	0.02	0.20 (−0.02, 0.43)	0.07

^aModel 1: Adjusted for offspring sex, age, Hispanic ethnicity, maternal education, maternal DM, maternal smoking, baseline intake (T1), change in TEI (T2-T1), and TEI plausibility at T1.

^bModel 2: Adjusted for Model 1 covariates and BMI z-score at T2.

^cβ coefficients are estimate the effect on log-hepatic fat for a +5 unit increase in each nutrient as a percentage of TEI, except for dietary fiber, which is assessed as g/1000 kcal. Bold black indicates p<0.05.

Abbreviations: TEI, total energy intake; BMI, body mass index.