Table 7 (Online Only):

Associations of nutrient intake changes from visit 1 (childhood) to visit 2 (adolescence) with log-transformed hepatic fat at visit 2 in the sample of multi-ethnic youth, excluding participants with obesity at visit 1 or visit 2 (n=322)

	Model 1a		Model 2b
△ Nutrient Intake (% TEI or g/1000 kcal)	β (95% CI)c	p	β (95% CI)c	p
Total Carbohydrate	−0.02 (−0.05, 0.01)	0.25	−0.01 (−0.04, 0.02)	0.48
Starch	0.01 (−0.05, 0.06)	0.83	0.02 (−0.03, 0.07)	0.47
Sugar	−0.01 (−0.05, 0.02)	0.49	−0.01 (−0.04, 0.02)	0.57
Total Fiber	−0.08 (−0.17, 0.01)	0.07	−0.08 (−0.16, 0.01)	0.09
Soluble Fiber	−0.16 (−0.43, 0.12)	0.26	−0.14 (−0.41, 0.12)	0.29
Insoluble Fiber	−0.13 (−0.26, −0.01)	0.04	−0.12 (−0.25, 0.00)	0.05
Total Protein	0.07 (−0.03, 0.17)	0.19	0.06 (−0.04, 0.16)	0.26
Animal Protein	0.10 (0.01, 0.18)	0.03	0.08 (0.00, 0.17)	0.05
Vegetable Protein	−0.21 (−0.39, −0.03)	0.02	−0.19 (−0.36, −0.02)	0.03
Total Fat	0.01 (−0.03, 0.05)	0.73	0.00 (−0.04, 0.04)	0.91
Saturated Fat	0.11 (0.01, 0.21)	0.03	0.08 (−0.02, 0.18)	0.10
Monounsaturated Fat	−0.01 (−0.10, 0.08)	0.87	−0.02 (−0.11, 0.06)	0.62
Polyunsaturated Fat	−0.15 (−0.30, 0.01)	0.06	−0.16 (−0.31, −0.01)	0.03
Other PUFAd	−0.16 (−0.31, −0.01)	0.03	−0.18 (−0.33, −0.02)	0.03
Omega-3 PUFA	0.21 (−1.22, 1.64)	0.77	0.03 (−1.37, 1.42)	0.97

^aModel 1: Adjusted for offspring sex, age, Hispanic ethnicity, maternal education, maternal DM, maternal smoking, baseline intake (visit 1), change in TEI (visit 2-visit 1), and TEI plausibility at visit 1.

^bModel 2: Adjusted for Model 1 covariates and BMI z-score at visit 2.

^cβ coefficients are estimate the effect on log-hepatic fat for a +5 unit increase in each nutrient as a percentage of TEI, except for dietary fiber, which is assessed as g/1000 kcal. Bold black indicates p<0.05. Bold black italic indicate p<0.10.

^dCalculated as total PUFA intake – omega-3 PUFA intake.

Abbreviations: HF, hepatic fat; TEI, total energy intake; BMI, body mass index; PUFA, polyunsaturated fat.