Table 2.
Change in Medical Outcomes Survey-Short Form (SF)-36 by randomized group
| Outcome | Randomized Group |
Baseline Mean (SD) |
Mean Change (SE) |
Intervention Main Effect (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical Health Summary Score | Control | 63.2 (21.3) | 2.40 (1.73) | 0.00—Reference |
| Exercise | 61.0 (20.3) | 0.49 (1.75) | −1.91 (−6.60, 2.79) | |
| Diet | 65.5 (20.3) | 5.56 (1.64)a | 3.16 (−1.52, 7.83) | |
| Exercise & Diet | 61.7 (19.1) | 7.79 (1.70)a | 5.39 (0.55, 10.22)b | |
| Mental Health Summary Score | Control | 69.8 (20.2) | 2.14 (1.71) | 0.00—Reference |
| Exercise | 68.3 (18.9) | 1.87 (1.73) | −0.27 (−5.02, 4.47) | |
| Diet | 70.4 (22.3) | 5.39 (1.68)a | 3.25 (−1.41, 7.91) | |
| Exercise & Diet | 70.4 (17.4) | 3.89 (1.68)a | 1.75 (−2.90, 6.39) | |
| Physical Functioning | Control | 67.5 (23.7) | 1.86 (1.73) | 0.00—Reference |
| Exercise | 66.6 (18.0) | 1.44 (1.74) | −0.42 (−5.23, 4.40) | |
| Diet | 67.6 (21.5) | 5.65 (1.82)a | 3.79 (–1.16, 8.74) | |
| Exercise & Diet | 67.1 (19.1) | 6.93 (1.72)a | 5.08 (0.28, 9.87)b | |
| Role–Physical | Control | 59.2 (41.6) | 2.60 (3.77) | 0.00—Reference |
| Exercise | 54.6 (41.1) | −2.05 (3.88) | −4.65 (−15.42, 6.12) | |
| Diet | 64.6 (40.3) | 7.26 (3.94) | 4.66 (−6.34, 15.66) | |
| Exercise & Diet | 52.9 (40.2) | 14.55 (3.89)a | 11.96 (1.51, 22.40)b | |
| Bodily Pain | Control | 70.9 (21.3) | 1.98 (1.95) | 0.00—Reference |
| Exercise | 65.3 (25.9) | 1.68 (1.89) | −0.31 (−5.54, 4.93) | |
| Diet | 70.8 (20.8) | 2.80 (1.94) | 0.82 (−4.50, 6.14) | |
| Exercise & Diet | 68.3 (21.6) | 4.13 (1.88)a | 2.14 (−3.28, 7.57) | |
| General Health | Control | 55.4 (21.8) | 3.14 (1.57)a | 0.00—Reference |
| Exercise | 57.4 (17.8) | 1.41 (1.57) | −1.72 (−6.02, 2.57) | |
| Diet | 58.9 (20.4) | 4.47 (1.63)a | 1.33 (−3.25, 5.92) | |
| Exercise & Diet | 58.4 (19.6) | 6.16 (1.57)a | 3.02 (−1.29, 7.34) | |
| Vitality | Control | 48.9 (21.0) | 3.24 (1.81) | 0.00—Reference |
| Exercise | 47.1 (20.3) | 4.38 (1.79)a | 1.14 (−3.97, 6.25) | |
| Diet | 50.2 (22.2) | 8.97 (1.83)a | 5.73 (0.70, 10.76)b | |
| Exercise & Diet | 49.0 (19.8) | 8.69 (1.86)a | 5.45 (0.39, 10.51)b | |
| Social Functioning | Control | 80.7 (24.6) | 0.34 (2.00) | 0.00—Reference |
| Exercise | 78.4 (21.1) | 0.32 (1.98) | −0.02 (−5.51, 5.48) | |
| Diet | 79.6 (25.0) | 4.37 (2.08)a | 4.03 (−1.67, 9.72) | |
| Exercise & Diet | 79.4 (20.8) | 2.62 (2.02) | 2.28 (−3.43, 8.00) | |
| Role–Emotional | Control | 74.4 (37.4) | 4.06 (3.69) | 0.00—Reference |
| Exercise | 72.0 (37.3) | 0.21 (3.65) | −3.84 (−13.82, 6.13) | |
| Diet | 75.9 (37.2) | 6.38 (3.76) | 2.32 (−8.06, 12.70) | |
| Exercise & Diet | 76.2 (33.3) | 2.53 (3.51) | −1.53 (−11.50, 8.44) | |
| Mental Health | Control | 75.1 (17.5) | 1.32 (1.38) | 0.00—Reference |
| Exercise | 75.7 (14.4) | 2.67 (1.32)a | 1.35 (−2.53, 5.22) | |
| Diet | 75.8 (18.1) | 2.75 (1.40) | 1.43 (−2.41, 5.27) | |
| Exercise & Diet | 77.1 (14.1) | 2.20 (1.33) | 0.88 (−2.87, 4.62) |
Note: Unobserved data were multiply imputed using predictive mean matching and analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of covariance model. Models are adjusted for the baseline value of the dependent variable, and randomization stratification factors including age, receipt of radiotherapy, number of lymph nodes resected, lymphedema severity, and body mass index.
a
P<0.05 compared with baseline (within group).
b
P<0.05 compared with control.