Table 4.
The significant adjusted associations between short-term exposure to temperature (predicted models) with metabolomics (multi-pollutant models) at ENT95% significance level
| Biochemical | Super-pathway | Sub-pathway | 1 day window, Beta (SE) for individual metabolites | 1 day window, p-value for individual metabolites | 7 day window, Beta (SE) for individual metabolites | 7 day window, p-value for individual metabolites | 30 day window, Beta (SE) for individual metabolites | 30 day window, p-value for individual metabolites | ICA_factor2 Weight | ICA_factor2 Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| guanosine | Nucleotide | Purine Metabolism, Guanine containing | NS | NS | NS | NS | 0.032(0.006) | 1.1E-06 | 0.33 | 78 |
| 2’-deoxyuridine | Nucleotide | Pyrimidine Metabolism, Uracil containing | NS | NS | NS | NS | 0.027(0.005) | 2.29E-06 | −0.15 | 206 |
| X - 25271 | Un-identified | - | NS | NS | 0.025(0.005) | 5.58E-06 | NS | NS | 0.02 | 848 |
| X - 24306 | Un-identified | - | NS | NS | NS | NS | 0.022(0.004) | 9.08E-07 | −0.17 | 184 |
| X - 24307 | Un-identified | - | NS | NS | NS | NS | 0.027(0.006) | 4.74E-06 | −0.34 | 74 |
These models were linear mixed-effect regression models (LMEM) with random participant-specific intercepts and simultaneously adjusted for PM2.5, NO2, O3, and temperature (multi-pollutant models) for the same exposure window.
Beta (SE) and p-values presented are from individual metabolites analysis.
All models were adjusted for age (years), body mass index (kg/m2), cigarette pack-years, alcohol intake (< or ≥2 drinks per day), socioeconomic status (income payment and years of education), season (warm/cold), and relative humidity.
Significant metabolites at ENT95% significance level only are presented.
ICA_factor2 rank represents the rank of the corresponding metabolite contributing to factor 2 from the independent component analysis (ICA). Higher rank (and higher weights) means higher contribution to factor 2 of the ICA. We show alongside the weights and ranks of each metabolite that contributes to factor 2 from the ICA only because it was the only significant factor.
Range of facto2-ICA rank is from 1 to 1158 i.e., number of examined metabolites. Range of facto2-ICA weight is from −1 to 1.
The metabolites with an X-XXXX format are unknown but reproducible.
A single asterisk after a metabolite (*) indicates a compound that has not been confirmed based on a standard, but Metabolon is confident in its identity based on a subset of these analytical parameters.
Abbreviations: ENT: Effective/independent number of tests; PM2.5, particulate matter ≤2.5 μm; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; and O3, ozone; ICA, independent component analysis; SE, standard error; NS, not significant at the ENT95% level.