Table 1.
Comparative nutritional and health promoting attributes of millets, rice and wheat
| S.N | English Name | Scientific Name | Common Names | Phytonutrients | Health benefits | Protein (g/100 g) | Total fat (g/100 g) | Dietary fibre (g/100 g) | Carbohydrates (g/100 g) | States of production |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Barnyard millet | Echinochloa spp. | Banti, Khira, Konidhan, Kutdirvali, Oodalu, Sanwa, Shyama, Swank | Luteolin, N-(p-coumaroyl), tricin, serotonin | Anti-diabetic, Anti-cancerous, Anti-rheumatic | 6.20 | 2.20 | - | 65.55 | Arunanchal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Nagaland, Tamilnadu, Uttrakhand, Uttar Pradesh |
| 2 | Finger millet |
Eleusine coracana |
Ragi, Mandua, Keppai, Nagli, Nachni, Mandiya, Marwa | Apigenin, catechin, diadzein, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, gallocatehin, Kempherol, leuteolin, myricetin, pyrocyanidin B1, pyrocyanidin B2, quercetin, tricin, vitexin | Anti-tumerogenic effect, Anti-diabetic, Antioxidants, Antimicrobial | 7.16 | 1.92 | 11.18 | 66.82 | Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamilnadu, Uttarakhand |
| 3 | Foxtail millet | Setarica italic | Kakon, Kangani, Kang, Kangni, Kangam, Kanghzu, Kaon, Navane, Rala, Tanai, Thena | Apigenin, catechin, kempherol, quercetin | Detoxification of body, Anti- tumerogenic effect, Curing infectious disease | 12.30 | 4.30 | - | 60.09 | Andhra Pradesh, Arunanchal Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu, Uttar Pradesh, |
| 4 | Kodo millet |
Paspalum Scrobiculatum |
Anika, Kodon, Kodra, Kodua, Harika, Varahu, Varaku | Apigenin, isovitexin, kempherol, leutolin, quercetin, vitexin | Anti-diabetic, Anti-cancerous, Anti-rheumatic | 8.92 | 2.55 | 6.39 | 66.19 | Chhatisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamilnadu, Uttar Pradesh |
| 5 | Little millet |
Panicum miliare |
Gajrao, Kuri, Kutki, Sama, Samalu, Sava, Suan, Swank | Apigenin | Anti-diabetic, Anti-cancerous, Anti-rheumatic | 8.92 | 2.55 | 6.39 | 65.55 | Chhatisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Tamilnadu |
| 6 | Pearl millet |
Pennisetum glaucum |
Bajra, Bajri, Cumbu, Sajja, Sajje | Apigenin, flavonoids, lignin, myricetin | Anti fungal, Anti-ulcerative, Prevent breast cancer and cardiac arrest | 10.96 | 5.43 | 11.49 | 61.78 | Gujrat, Haryana, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu, Uttar Pradesh |
| 7 | Proso millet |
Panicum miliaceum |
Bachari, Baragu, Bari, Chena,Panivargu, Vari | Apigenin,myricetin, kempherol | Anti-diabetic, Anti-cancerous, Anti-rheumatic | 12.50 | 1.10 | - | 70.04 | Bihar, Maharashtra, Orrisa, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu |
| 8 | Quinoa | Cheno podium quinoa | Quinoa | Lutein, zeaxanthin, β- carotene, flavonoids |
Anti-cancerous Helps in constipation and celiac disease |
13.11 | 5.50 | 14.66 | 53.65 | Andhra Pradesh, Uttrakhand |
| 9 | Sorghum | Sorgum bicolor | Cholam, Jola, Jondhala, Jonna, Jowar, Juara, Rotla | Apigeninidin 5-glucoside,Luteolinidin,5-Methoxyluteolinidin,Luteoforol,Apigenin,Eriodictyol |
Anti-diabetic Anti- cancerous Anti-tumor Helps in curing oxidative stress, Coronary heart diseases |
9.97 | 1.73 | 10.22 | 67.68 | Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharastra, Karnataka, Tamilnadu |
| 10 | Wheat | Triticum spp. | Anaaj, Ghehu | Lutein, zeaxanthin, β- carotene | Reduction in diabetes, Cardiovascular disease and forms of cancer (notably colo‐rectal cancer) | 11.8 | 1.5 | 11.2 | 71.2 | Bihar, Gujrat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh |
| 11 | Rice | Oryza spp. | Chawal | Lutein, zeaxanthin, β- carotene | Helps in curing dysentery, Cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s | 6.4 | 1 | 4.43 | 76.7 | Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Haryana, Orrisa, Tamilnadu, West Bengal |