Table 1.
Parameters, coefficients of determination (R2) and mean square deviations (MSD) of the models fitted to the drying curves of BBSP at two drying conditions (50 and 70 °C) for the control samples without ultrasound pre-treatment (C) and samples with ultrasound pretreatment (US)
Model | Parameters | 50 °C | 70 °C | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | US | C | US | ||
Page | Equation | RX = exp (− Ktn) | |||
a | 0.0083 | 0.0379 | 0.0753 | 0.0464 | |
n | 17.42 | 0.803 | 17.74 | 0.879 | |
R2 | 0.2483 | 0.9992 | 0.4262 | 0.9999 | |
P | 93.75 | 25.999 | 90.909 | 61.143 | |
Henderson-Pabis | Equation | RX = exp (− Kt) | |||
a | 0.8881 | 0.94 | 0.9681 | 0.9787 | |
k | 0.021 | 0.015 | 0.033 | 0.029 | |
R2 | 0.9499 | 0.9886 | 0.9906 | 0.997 | |
P | 37.482 | 18.314 | 28.606 | 12.916 | |
Logarithmic | Equation | RX = exp (− Kt) +c | |||
a | 0.8733 | 0.9204 | 0.9468 | 0.9661 | |
c | 0.066 | 0.0488 | 0.0369 | 0.0208 | |
k | 0.03 | 0.018 | 0.037 | 0.031 | |
R2 | 0.9715 | 0.9952 | 0.9956 | 0.9982 | |
P | 32.151 | 10.701 | 23.397 | 15.141 | |
Wang and Singh | RX = 1 + at + bt2 | ||||
a | 0.0131 | 0.0106 | 0.0192 | 0.0183 | |
b | 0.00004 | 0.00003 | 0.00009 | 0.00008 | |
R2 | 0.7288 | 0.9049 | 0.8825 | 0.9306 | |
Two-terms exponential | RX = aexp(− Kt)+ bexp(− wt) | ||||
a | 0.4166 | 0.3312 | 0.6257 | 0.8167 | |
b | 0.5833 | 0.6705 | 0.3745 | 0.1834 | |
k | 0.149 | 0.048 | 0.023 | 0.025 | |
w | 0.014 | 0.011 | 0.091 | 0.103 | |
R2 | 0.9999 | 0.9995 | 0.9999 | 0.9999 | |
P | 16.503 | 24.092 | 23.265 | 31.611 | |
Single exponential | RX = exp(− Kt) | ||||
k | 0.025 | 0.016 | 0.034 | 0.029 | |
R2 | 0.9344 | 0.9839 | 0.9893 | 0.9965 | |
p | 47.159 | 23.144 | 31.32 | 15.089 |
C control, US ultrasound